Three specific deep brain stimulation (DBS) targets are currently in widespread use for the treatment of specific movement disorders. These are ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) for the treatment of tremor (Parkinsonian or essential), subthalamic nucleus (STN) for Parkinson's disease (PD), and globus pallidus internus (GPi) for PD and for dystonia. All DBS surgeries currently require some form of stereotaxy, which is a means of translating information from two-dimensional (2D) brain images to the three-dimensional (3D) operative field. Two types of stereotactic approaches are available for DBS surgery. The success of DBS surgery is critically dependent on accurate localization of the target structure of interest. Two different approaches to initial target localization exist, and frequently are combined in the operating room: indirect and direct targeting. Ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems are proving invaluable for basic science research and neuroscience applications.