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12 - Life-history adaptations to polar and alpine environments

from PART II - ECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2010

By
Peter Convey
Edited by
David L. Denlinger  and
Richard E. Lee, Jr
David L. Denlinger
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Richard E. Lee, Jr
Affiliation:
Miami University
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Summary

Introduction: extremes in the terrestrial environment

This chapter is concerned with the life-history features of terrestrial invertebrates inhabiting the cold regions of the world. It predominantly focuses on the Antarctic continent and the Arctic elements of the large northern continents, also drawing parallels with the alpine regions of the world's major mountain ranges. To human perception, these polar and montane regions of the planet are clearly challenging regions in which to live. They face environmental stresses that operate on a range of timescales, for example from chronic exposure to low temperature, high winds, freezing, or desiccation, to extreme or short-term acute events. At northern or southern latitudes beyond the polar circles, the sun remains permanently below the horizon for a period of days to months, depending on latitude, each winter, inevitably imposing considerable seasonality on organisms and ecosystems.

Focusing simply on temperature, in the absence of solar-energy input, terrestrial habitats of both regions face comparable extremely low air temperatures during winter. But the two regions are far from identical, with the Antarctic also enduring much lower typical summer temperatures than those of the Arctic (Convey, 1996a; Danks, 1999); hence lack of available energy provides a major constraint on biological activity here. However, the biological impacts of temperature are not well described simply by standard meteorological measures of mean air temperature, and scales and patterns of physical and temporal variation are also important.

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Low Temperature Biology of Insects , pp. 297 - 322
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

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Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

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