This book is structured broadly into psychological, mathematical, and neurobiological theories of prediction to reflect the dominant focus or type of approach of the individual theory. Psychological theories are sets of statements, systems of ideas, or models of human mind and behavior that are constructed to explain aspects of this complex interaction. Psychological theories offer a kind of explanation at a level of description that provides conceptual foundations, or conceptual redescriptions, of mathematical formalizations and neurobiological implementations. Knowledge of psychological theories is also a great way to understand the history of the mind sciences and to understand the myriad of ways researchers have thought about scientific issues such as prediction. Even theories that may be now considered outdated were once considered reasonable ways of how the mind might work and hence are a useful tool to get a deeper grasp of the human mind and to better understand the background and advances of contemporary theories.