Chapter 3 described the diplomatic efforts by the UN Committee of Good Offices (Ungoc), which led to the Dutch and Republicans signing the Renville Agreement on 17 January 1948, and the subsequent efforts by Ungoc’s military observers to help the parties establish demarcation lines and demilitarised zones, as well as supervising the withdrawal of forces stranded on the wrong side of the line, the exchange of prisoners and maintenance of the ceasefire. This work culminated with a conference of senior observers, who produced an important statement of practice and peacekeeping principles, ‘General instructions for military observers, Committee of Good Offices’.