Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-mggfc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-21T15:48:20.087Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - Historical Perspectives on Gender Identity Development

from Part II - LGBTQ+ Lifespan Development and Family Dynamics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2024

By
Rebekah Byrd  and
Sonya Lorelle
Edited by
Jeffry Moe ,
Amber L. Pope ,
Dilani M. Perera  and
Narketta Sparkman-Key
Jeffry Moe
Affiliation:
Old Dominion University, Virginia
Amber L. Pope
Affiliation:
William & Mary
Dilani M. Perera
Affiliation:
Fairfield University, Connecticut
Narketta Sparkman-Key
Affiliation:
James Madison University, Virginia
Get access

Summary

This chapter will discuss information pertinent to understanding gender identity. We will discuss key terms and the importance of understanding language usage as a foundation for communicating respect, knowledge, and awareness. Counselors create safe and affirming spaces for the clients we serve. As such, counselors must understand the complex past and historical discrimination clients have experienced while examining their own understanding of these communities. Counselors will also seek to understand their ethical and legal responsibilities to marginalized and minoritized communities while understanding the importance of cultural considerations. Barriers to services and our collective responsibility to address these barriers rooted in discrimination will be addressed. While counselors maintain culture humility in an attempt to avoid ethnocentrism regarding their own beliefs around gender identity development, we seek to grow in knowledge and awareness. While antitrans legislation continues to increase, counselors must remain steadfast in their approach to advocacy and to providing ethical care.

Keywords

Gender identityidentity developmentLGBTQ+culturesexual minority
Type
Chapter
Information
LGBTQ+ Affirmative Counseling
A Student and Practitioner Handbook
 , pp. 111 - 129
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association. (1952). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2nd edition). Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd edition, revised). Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edition). Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
Blosnich, J. R., Marsiglio, M. C., Gao, S., Gordon, A. J., Shipherd, J. C., Kauth, M., Brown, G. R., & Fine, M. J. (2016). Mental health of transgender veterans in US states with and without discrimination and hate crime legal protection. American Journal of Public Health, 106(3), 534–540. https://doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2015.302981CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brady, B., Rosenberg, S., Newman, C. E., Kaladelfos, A., Kenning, G., Duck-Chong, E., & Bennett, J. (2022). Gender is dynamic for all people. Discover Psychology, 2(1), 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44202-022-00054-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budge, S. L., Adelson, J. L., & Howard, K. A. S. (2013). Anxiety and depression in transgender individuals: The roles of transition status, loss, social support, and coping. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81, 545–557. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031774CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buehler, S. (2017). What every mental health professional needs to know about sex (2nd edition). New York: Springer Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Burnes, T., Singh, A., Harper, A., Harper, B., Maxon-Kann, W., Pickering, P., Moundas, S., Scofield, T., Roan, A., & Hosea, J. (2010). American Counseling Association competencies for counseling with transgender clients. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 4, 135–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538605.2010.524839Google Scholar
Byrd, R., White, M., & Luke, C. (2021). Working with transgender and gender expansive children and adolescents. In Byrd, R. & Luke, C. (eds.), Counseling children and adolescents: Cultivating empathic connection (pp. 210–225). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Coyne, C. A., Yuodsnukis, B. T. & Chen, D. (2023). Gender dysphoria: Optimizing healthcare for transgender and gender diverse youth with a multidisciplinary approach. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 19, 479–493. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S359979CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, S. G. (2007). Challenging gender norms: Five genders among Bugis in Indonesia. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Drescher, J. (2015). Out of DSM: Depathologizing homosexuality. Behavioral Sciences, 5(4), 565–575. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs5040565CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drescher, J., & Merlino, J. P. (eds.). (2007). American psychiatry and homosexuality: An oral history. New York: Harrington Park Press.Google Scholar
Garcia, D. A. (2023, May 18). In Mexico, new non-binary passport can now sidestep male or female. Reuters. www.reuters.com/world/americas/mexico-new-non-binary-passport-can-now-sidestep-male-or-female-box-2023-05-18/Google Scholar
Gender Spectrum. (2019). The language of gender. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/63ebbd468a9d2d129d622b91/t/64db93a93f8fd737be18e581/1692111785914/The+Language+of+Gender.pdfGoogle Scholar
Hendricks, M. L., & Testa, R. J. (2012). A conceptual framework for clinical work with transgender and gender nonconforming clients: An adaptation of the minority stress model. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 43, 460–467. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029597CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Human Rights Watch. (n.d.). #Outlawed: “The love that dare not speak its name.” https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/#type-of-lawsGoogle Scholar
James, S. E., Herman, J. L., Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anaf, M. (2016). The report of the 2015 U.S. transgender survey. National Center for Transgender Equality. www.transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/usts/USTS%20Full%20Report%20-%20FINAL%201.6.17.pdfGoogle Scholar
Johnson, A. H., Hill, I., Beach-Ferrara, J., Rogers, B. A., & Bradford, A. (2020). Common barriers to healthcare for transgender people in the U.S. southeast. International Journal of Transgender Health, 21(1), 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2019.1700203CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kinsey Institute. (2023). The Kinsey Scale. https://kinseyinstitute.org/research/publications/kinsey-scale.phpGoogle Scholar
Knight, K. (2016, June 7). Dispatches: Norway’s transgender rights transformation senior researcher. Human Rights Watch. www.hrw.org/news/2016/06/07/dispatches-norways-transgender-rights-transformationGoogle Scholar
Martinez, M. A., Osornio, M., Halim, M. L. H., & Zosuls, K. M. (2020). Gender: Awareness, identity, and stereotyping. In Benson, J. B. (ed.), Encyclopedia of infant and early childhood development (2nd edition, pp. 1–12). Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
National Center for Transgender Equality. (2020). Know your rights: Schools. https://transequality.org/know-your-rights/schoolsGoogle Scholar
National Education Association. (2016). Legal guidance on transgender students’ rights. www.nea.org/assets/docs/20184_Transgender%20Guide_v4.pdfGoogle Scholar
Robinson, M. (2020). Two-Spirit identity in a time of gender fluidity. Journal of Homosexuality, 67(12), 1675–1690. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2019.1613853CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seelman, K. L. (2016). Transgender adults’ access to college bathrooms and housing and the relationship to suicidality. Journal of Homosexuality, 63(10), 1378–1399. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1157998CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shulman, G. P., Holt, N. R., Hope, D. A., Mocarski, R., Eyer, J., & Woodruff, N. (2017). A review of contemporary assessment tools for use with transgender and gender nonconforming adults. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 4, 304–313. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000233CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2015). Ending conversion therapy: Supporting and affirming LGBTQ+ youth. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 15-4928. https://store.samhsa.gov/product/Ending-Conversion-Therapy-Supporting-and-Affirming-LGBTQ+-Youth/SMA15-4928Google Scholar
Tan, K., Ellis, S., Schmidt, J., Byrne, J., & Veale, J. (2020). Mental health inequities among transgender people in Aotearoa New Zealand: Findings from the Counting Ourselves Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2862. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082862CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tebbe, E. A., & Moradi, B. (2016). Suicide risk in trans populations: An application of minority stress theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63, 520–533. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000152CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tebbe, E. A., Allan, B. A., & Bell, H. L. (2019). Work and well-being in TGNC adults: The moderating effect of workplace protections. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 66(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000308CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Testa, R. J., Habarth, J., Peta, J., Balsam, K., & Bockting, W. (2015). Development of the gender minority stress and resilience measure. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(1), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000081CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thoreson, R. (2020, June 15). US Supreme Court ruling a victory for LGBT workers. Human Rights Watch. www.hrw.org/news/2020/06/15/us-supreme-court-ruling-victory-lgbt-workersGoogle Scholar
The Trevor Project. (2020). National survey on LGBTQ+ mental health. New York: The Trevor Project.Google Scholar
Trans Legislation Tracker. (n.d.). 2023 anti-trans bills tracker. https://translegislation.com/Google Scholar
US EEOC. (n.d.). Protections against employment discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity. US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/protections-against-employment-discrimination-basedsexual-orientation-or-gender#:~:text=Yes.,of%20state%20or%20local%20lawsGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×