People often demand that leaders be “fair.” But what exactly does fairness mean? What Person A perceives as fair often strikes Person B as unfair, particularly if Person A is the “winner” and Person B is the “loser” in a situation. One of the biggest challenges that leaders face in organizations is the clarion call of “But that’s not fair!” In this chapter, we will delve into the concept of fairness, motivated by philosophical theories of justice.