Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- 1 A short history of latent inhibition research
- Current topics in latent inhibition research
- 2 Latent inhibition and extinction: their signature phenomena and the role of prediction error
- 3 Inter-stage context and time as determinants of latent inhibition
- 4 Latent inhibition: acquisition or performance deficit?
- 5 Latent inhibition and learned irrelevance in human contingency learning
- 6 Associative and nonassociative processes in latent inhibition: an elaboration of the Pearce–Hall model
- 7 From latent inhibition to retrospective revaluation: an attentional-associative model
- 8 Latent inhibition and habituation: evaluation of an associative analysis
- 9 Latent inhibition and creativity
- 10 The phylogenetic distribution of latent inhibition
- 11 The genetics of latent inhibition: studies of inbred and mutant mice
- 12 A comparison of mechanisms underlying the CS–US association and the CS–nothing association
- 13 The pharmacology of latent inhibition and its relevance to schizophrenia
- 14 Parahippocampal region–dopaminergic neuron relationships in latent inhibition
- 15 Latent inhibition and other salience modulation effects: same neural substrates?
- 16 What the brain teaches us about latent inhibition (LI): the neural substrates of the expression and prevention of LI
- 17 Latent inhibition in schizophrenia and schizotypy: a review of the empirical literature
- 18 A cautionary note about latent inhibition in schizophrenia: are we ignoring relevant information?
- 19 Latent inhibition as a function of anxiety and stress: implications for schizophrenia
- 20 Nicotinic modulation of attentional deficits in schizophrenia
- 21 Latent inhibition and schizophrenia: the ins and outs of context
- Summary and conclusions
- Index
- References
6 - Associative and nonassociative processes in latent inhibition: an elaboration of the Pearce–Hall model
from Current topics in latent inhibition research
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- 1 A short history of latent inhibition research
- Current topics in latent inhibition research
- 2 Latent inhibition and extinction: their signature phenomena and the role of prediction error
- 3 Inter-stage context and time as determinants of latent inhibition
- 4 Latent inhibition: acquisition or performance deficit?
- 5 Latent inhibition and learned irrelevance in human contingency learning
- 6 Associative and nonassociative processes in latent inhibition: an elaboration of the Pearce–Hall model
- 7 From latent inhibition to retrospective revaluation: an attentional-associative model
- 8 Latent inhibition and habituation: evaluation of an associative analysis
- 9 Latent inhibition and creativity
- 10 The phylogenetic distribution of latent inhibition
- 11 The genetics of latent inhibition: studies of inbred and mutant mice
- 12 A comparison of mechanisms underlying the CS–US association and the CS–nothing association
- 13 The pharmacology of latent inhibition and its relevance to schizophrenia
- 14 Parahippocampal region–dopaminergic neuron relationships in latent inhibition
- 15 Latent inhibition and other salience modulation effects: same neural substrates?
- 16 What the brain teaches us about latent inhibition (LI): the neural substrates of the expression and prevention of LI
- 17 Latent inhibition in schizophrenia and schizotypy: a review of the empirical literature
- 18 A cautionary note about latent inhibition in schizophrenia: are we ignoring relevant information?
- 19 Latent inhibition as a function of anxiety and stress: implications for schizophrenia
- 20 Nicotinic modulation of attentional deficits in schizophrenia
- 21 Latent inhibition and schizophrenia: the ins and outs of context
- Summary and conclusions
- Index
- References
Summary
Background
The analysis of latent inhibition to be developed in this chapter had its origins in the attempt to study a (seemingly) quite different phenomenon – the acquired distinctiveness of cues. James (1890) had suggested that similar cues could be rendered more discriminable by training in which each became linked with a very different associate. The idea was taken up by Lawrence (1949) in his classic experiments with rats, and the 1950s and 1960s saw a rush of experiments (reviewed by Hall,1991) exploring the phenomenon with human subjects. A theoretical account of the effect (based on that of Sutherland & Mackintosh, 1971) was put forward by Mackintosh (1975). He proposed that the representation of any cue has a given level of associability (represented, usually, by the symbol α) but that the value of the parameter α can be changed by experience. When a cue predicts a consequence reliably (or, at least does so more reliably than other cues that might be present) its α value increases; when it predicts a consequence no better than other cues its α value declines. Initial training in which two cues are reliably followed by different consequences will enhance the α value of each of them and subsequent discrimination tasks involving these cues will be facilitated – the acquired distinctiveness effect.
Empirical evidence of the acquired distinctiveness effect came largely from studies of discrimination learning, but Mackintosh's (1975) account implies that the effect should be found in simple conditioning too.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Latent InhibitionCognition, Neuroscience and Applications to Schizophrenia, pp. 114 - 136Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010
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