This chapter assesses how extending the war’s chronology to include the story of a now little remembered peace treaty broadens our understanding of the global reach and human cost of World War I. Peacemaking and war-making inevitably overlapped as diplomats and humanitarian organizations responded to a conflict which exacerbated already existing ethno-religious tensions. The book concludes by analyzing what it means to say that the First World War ended in less than victory for the Allies. The peace process amounted to little more than reimaging an old imperial system that forged a peace that came at a heavy price.