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8 - From teaching non-Arabs Arabic to Arabization in 1950s Sudan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 February 2024

Dan Savatovsky
Affiliation:
Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3
Mariangela Albano
Affiliation:
Università di Cagliari, Sardinia
Thi Kieu Ly Pham
Affiliation:
Vietnam National University
Valérie Spaëth
Affiliation:
Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3
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Summary

Abstract: This chapter illustrates the early debut of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language (TAFL) as a discipline by discussing the Sudanese experiment and its often untold history. It represents a unique example in the TAFL field, for it is strongly connected to Arabization policies. In this context, the research narrates the establishment of the Maridi Institute, where Ḫalīl Maḥmūd ʿAsākir directed a group of experts between 1954 and 1960. The study reports on how a script shift project was devised in order to rewrite nine South Sudanese local languages in a modified Arabic script (Zande, Dinka, Bari, Moro, Lotuko, Shilluk, Nuer, Morli, and Anuak) and thus to teach Arabic to non-Arab speakers, train prospective instructors, and face the challenges of Arabization within language transfer areas.

Résumé : Ce chapitre traite des débuts de l’Arabe Langue Étrangère (TAFL) en tant que discipline d’enseignement à travers l’expérience soudanaise et son histoire souvent méconnue. Cette expérience représente un exemple unique dans le domaine du TAFL, car elle est fortement liée aux politiques d’arabisation. Dans ce contexte, on cherche à rendre compte de la création de l’Institut Maridi, où Ḫalīl Maḥmūd ʿAsākir a dirigé un groupe d’experts entre 1954 et 1960. En montrant comment un projet de changement d’écriture a été conçu afin de doter neuf langues locales sud-soudanaises (Zande, Dinka, Bari, Moro, Lotuko, Shilluk, Nuer, Morli et Anuak) d’un alphabet arabe modifié, d’enseigner l’arabe à des locuteurs non arabophones, de former les futurs instructeurs et de relever le défi de l’arabisation au sein de zones de transfert linguistique.

Keywords: Sudan. South Sudan. Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language. Arabization. Teaching methods. Script shift. Ḫalīl Maḥmūd ʿAsākir.

Mots-clés: Soudan. Soudan du Sud. Enseignement de l’Arabe Langue Étrangère. Arabisation. Méthodes d’enseignement. Transcripturisation. Ḫalīl Maḥmūd ʿAsākir.

Introduction

Often considered a peripheral zone of the Arab world, the region comprising today's republics of Sudan and South Sudan (hereafter simply referred to as “Sudan” or the “Sudans”) was and is a focal point for scholars from different disciplines, such as linguistics, history, political sciences, etc., to such an extent that research pertaining to this region is vast.

Type
Chapter
Information
Language Learning and Teaching in Missionary and Colonial Contexts
L'apprentissage et l'enseignement des langues en contextes missionnaire et colonial
, pp. 291 - 310
Publisher: Amsterdam University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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