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4 - Grammatical Variation in England

from Part I - English

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 October 2024

By
David Britain
Edited by
Susan Fox
Susan Fox
Affiliation:
Universität Bern, Switzerland
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Summary

This chapter presents an up-to-date overview of what we know about contemporary grammatical variation in England, drawing on a range of sources such as traditional and variationist dialectological investigations, as well as those using new technologies such as smartphone apps and Twitter feeds. It begins with an assessment of how common the use of non-standard morphosyntax is vis à vis Standard English, before presenting a well-cited list of the most widespread features that are claimed to be found right across the country. The chapter then describes contemporary non-standard grammatical variation in England, examining, in turn: verbs, negation, adverbs, prepositions, plural marking, pronouns, comparison forms, articles and conjunctions. Beyond an account of contemporary morphosyntactic variability, this survey also helps us to locate those linguistic features and those geographical areas about which we hold very little up-to-date information, and, in the light of reports of widespread traditional dialect levelling, points to those non-standard features whose vitality appears to be precarious.

Keywords

grammatical variationEnglanddialect levellingdialectologysmartphone applicationsverbspronounsadverbsprepositionsnegationpluralityarticles
Type
Chapter
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Language in Britain and Ireland , pp. 98 - 127
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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