“A Brief History of the Kurdistan Workers Party,” undated ERNK document, courtesy of Toronto Kurdish Information Centre.
Ahmad, Feroz, The Making of Modern Turkey, London: Routledge, 1993.
Ala'adeen, Dlawer (ed.), Death Clouds: Saddam Hussein's Chemical Attack Against the Kurds, London: Kurdish Scientific and Medical Association, 1991.
Alkan, Turker, “Yatak Odasi Savaslari,” Radikal, September 27, 2000, http://www.radikal.com.tr/2000/09/27/yazarlar/turalk.shtml.
Allison, Christine and Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (eds.), Kurdish Culture and Identity, London: Zed Books, Ltd., 1996.
Alpay, Sahin, “After Ocalan,” View (Spring, 2000).
Amit-Talai, Vered and Knowles, Caroline (eds.), Re-Situating Identities, Peterborough: Broadview Press, 1996.
Amnesty International, Turkey: Walls of Glass, November 1992 (AI Index: EUR 44/75/92).
Amuzegar, Jahangir, “Iran's Theocracy Under Siege,” Middle East Policy 10: 1 (Spring, 2003), 135–153.
Anderson, Benedict, Imagined Communities, London: Verso, 1983.
,Anonymous, “Desert Shame,” The New Republic 204: 17 (April 29, 1991), 7–9.
Asprey, Robert B., War in the Shadows: The Guerrilla in History, New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1994.
Azar, E. and Burton, J. (eds.), International Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 1986.
Barkey, Henri J. and Fuller, Graham, Turkey's Kurdish Question, New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1998.
Barth, Fredrik, Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Cultural Difference, Boston: Little, Brown, 1969.
Besikci, Ismail, Kurdistan and Turkish Colonialism, London: Kurdistan Solidarity Committee and Kurdistan Information Centre, 1991.
Billig, Michael. Social Psychology and Intergroup Relations, London: Academic Press, 1976.
Billig, Michael and Tajfel, Henri, “Social Categorization and Similarity in Intergroup Behavior,” European Journal of Social Psychology 3 (1973), 27–52.
Boulanger, Philippe, Le Destin des Kurdes, Paris: L'Harmattan, 1998.
Brass, Paul, Ethnicity and Nationalism, London: Sage Publications, 1991.
Brinton, Crane, The Anatomy of Revolution, New York: Vintage, 1965.
Brown, David, “Ethnic Revival: Perspectives on State and Society,” Third World Quarterly 11: 4 (1989), 1–16.
Bruinessen, Martin, Agha, Shaikh and State, London: Zed Books Ltd., 1992.
Bruinessen, Martin, “Kurds, Turks and the Alevi Revival in Turkey,” Middle East Report (July–September, 1996), 7–10.
Bulloch, John and Morris, Harvey, No Friends But the Mountains, London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1992.
Burton, J. W., Deviance, Terrorism and War, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1979.
Burton, J. W., “The Means to Agreement: Power or Values?” Perspectives on Negotiation; Four Case Studies and Interpretation, Washington: Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs (1986), 229–241.
Byman, Daniel, “The Logic of Ethnic Terrorism,” Conflict and Terrorism 21: 2 (April–June, 1998), 49–69.
Calhoun, Craig, “The Problem of Identity in Collective Action,” in Huber, J. (ed.), Macro–Micro Linkages in Sociology, Newbury Park: Sage Publications Inc., 1991, 51–75.
Carment, David and James, Patrick, “Escalation of Ethnic Conflict,” International Politics 35: 1 (March, 1998), 65–82.
Center for Kurdish Political Studies, Public Relations Office, “Abdullah Ocalan Proposes 7-Point Peace Plan,” November 26–27, 1998.
Central Committee of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), “5th Congress of the PKK is the Guarantee of Success and Victory!” February 1995, courtesy of Toronto Kurdish Information Center.
Chaliand, Gerard (ed.), Les Kurdes et le Kurdistan, Paris: François Maspero, 1978.
Chaliand, Gerard (ed.),People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan, London: Zed Press, 1980.
Chaliand, Gerard (ed.),Guerrilla Strategies, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.
Chaliand, Gerard (ed.),People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan, New York: Interlink Publishing, 1993.
Christie, Kenneth, Ethnic Conflict, Tribal Politics, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1998.
Cigerli, Sabri, Les Kurdes et leur histoire, Paris and Montreal: L'Harmattan, 1999.
Ciment, James, The Kurds: State and Minority in Turkey, Iraq and Iran (Conflict and Crisis in the Post-Cold War World), New York: Facts on File Inc., 1996.
Cohen, Jean L., “Strategy or Identity: New Theoretical Paradigms and Contemporary Social Movements,” Social Research 52: 4 (1985), 663–716.
Cohn, Edwin J., Turkish Economic, Social, and Political Change, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970.
Cottrell, Ann B., Cry, Robert St., Rawkins, Phillip, and Ross, Jeffrey A., Mobilization of Collective Identity, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1980.
Criss, Nur Bilge, “The Nature of PKK Terrorism in Turkey,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 18: 1 (1995), 17–37.
Criss, Nur Bilge, and Cetiner, Yavuz Turan, “Terrorism and the Issue of International Cooperation,” The Journal of Conflict Studies 2 (Spring, 2000), 127–139.
Davies, James C., “Toward a Theory of Revolution,” American Sociological Review 6: 1 (1962), 5–19.
Debray, Régis, Revolution in the Revolution?New York: Grove Press, 1967.
DeNardo, James, Power in Numbers, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.
Deutsch, Karl, Nationalism and Social Communication, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1953.
Dodd, C. H., The Crisis of Turkish Democracy, Huntingdon: Eothen Press, 1990.
Eagleton, William, The Kurdish Republic of 1946, London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
Economist, The, “Democracy at Gunpoint: Turkey Survey,” Parliamentary Human Rights Group, June 8–14, 1996.
Elahi, Maryam, “Clinton, Ankara and Kurdish Human Rights,” Middle East Report 189 (July–August, 1994), 22–23.
Enloe, Cynthia, Ethnic Conflict and Political Development, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1973.
Entessar, Nader, “The Kurdish Mosaic of Discord,” Third World Quarterly 11: 4 (1989), 83–100.
Entessar, Nader, “Kurdish Identity in the Middle East,” Current World Leaders 34: 2 (April, 1992), 270–282.
Entessar, Nader, Kurdish Ethnonationalism, London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 1992.
Ergil, Dogu, Dogu Sorunu: Teshisler ve Tespitler, Ozel Arastirma Raporu, Ankara, 1995.
Ergil, Dogu, “Suicide Terrorism in Turkey,” Civil Wars 3: 1 (Spring, 2000), 37–54.
Esman, Milton J., Ethnic Politics, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.
Fall, Bernard B. (ed.), Ho Chi Minh on Revolution, Toronto: Signet Books, 1967.
Fanon, Francis, The Wretched of the Earth, New York: Grove Press, 1963.
Findley, Paul, “The US Stake in Good Relations With Baghdad,” Washington Review on Middle East Affairs (December 1988), 15.
Andrew, Finkel and Sirman, Nukhet (eds.), Turkish State, Turkish Society, London: Routledge, 1990.
Fuller, Graham, “The Fate of the Kurds,” Foreign Affairs 72: 2 (Spring, 1993), 101–121.
Gabelnick, Tamar, “Turkey: Arms and Human Rights,” Foreign Policy in Focus 4: 16 (May, 1999), http://www.foreignpolicy-infocus.org/briefs/vol4/v4n16turk.html.
Geertz, Clifford, The Interpretation of Cultures, New York: Basic Books, 1973.
Gellner, Ernest, Nations and Nationalism, Oxford: Blackwell, 1983.
Gellner, Ernest, Nationalism, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1997.
Gershoni, Isreal and Jankowski, James, (eds.), Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East, New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
Gokalp, Ziya, The Principles of Turkism, Ankara: Leiden, 1920.
Goldstone, Jack, Revolutions: Theoretical, Comparative, and Historical Studies, San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986.
Goldstone, Jack, Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
Greene, Thomas, Comparative Revolutionary Movements, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1974.
Griffith, Samuel B. (ed.), Mao Tse-Tung on Guerrilla Warfare, Washington DC: Praeger Publishers, 1961.
Groom, A. J. R., “Paradigms in Conflict: The Strategist, the Conflict Researcher, and the Peace Researcher,” Review of International Studies 14 (1988), 71–98.
Gunter, Michael, “The Kurdish Problem in Turkey,” The Middle East Journal 42: 3 (1988), 389–406.
Gunter, Michael, “Transnational Sources of Support for the Kurdish Insurgency in Turkey,” Conflict Quarterly 11: 2 (Spring 1991), 7–29.
Gunter, Michael, “A de Facto Kurdish State in Northern Iraq,” Third World Quarterly 14: 2 (December 1993), 7–24.
Gunter, Michael, “Mulla Mustafa Barzani and the Kurdish Rebellion in Iraq: The Intelligence Factor,” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 7: 4 (Winter, 1994), 465–474.
Gunter, Michael, The Changing Kurdish Problem in Turkey, London: Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism, 1994.
Gunter, Michael, “The Iraqi National Congress (INC) and the Future of the Iraqi Opposition,” Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 19 (Spring, 1996), 1–20.
Gunter, Michael, The Kurds and the Future of Turkey, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.
Gunter, Michael, “The Foreign Policy of the Iraqi Kurds,” Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 20 (Spring, 1997), 1–19.
Gunter, Michael, “The Iraqi Opposition and the Failure of US Intelligence,” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 12: 2 (Summer, 1999), 135–167.
Gunter, Michael, The Kurdish Predicament in Iraq, New York: St Martin's Press, 1999.
Gurr, Ted Robert, Why Men Rebel, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
Gurr, Ted Robert and Harff, Barbara, Ethnic Conflict in World Politics, Boulder: Westview Press, 1994.
Hakim, Halkawt (ed.), Les Kurdes par delà l'exode, Paris: L'Harmattan, 1992.
Hassanpour, Amir, “The Pen and the Sword: Literacy, Education and Revolution in Kurdistan,” in Freebody, Peter and Welch, Anthony R. (eds.), Knowledge, Culture and Power: International Perspectives on Literacy as Policy and Practice, London: Falmer Press, 1993.
Hassanpour, Amir,“MED-TV, Britain, and the Turkish State: A Stateless Nation's Quest for Sovereignty in the Sky,” paper presented at the Freie Universität Berlin, November 7, 1995.
Hassanpour, Amir, “Satellite Footprints as National Borders: MED-TV and the Extraterritoriality of State Sovereignty,” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 18: 1 (April, 1998), 53–72.
Hassanpour, Amir,“Language Rights in the Emerging World Linguistic Order: The State, the Market and Communication Technologies,” in Kontra, Miklos (ed.), Language: A Right and a Resource, Budapest: CEU Press, 1998.
Hassanpour, Amir,“The Identity of Hewrami Speakers: Reflections on the Theory and Ideology of Comparative Philology,” Research paper prepared at the Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto (undated).
Hazelton, Fran, Iraq Since the Gulf War, London: Zed Books Ltd., 1994.
Hechter, Michael, Internal Colonialism, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975.
Hechter, Michael, Principles of Group Solidarity, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
Heper, Metin (ed.), Strong State and Economic Interest Groups, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1991.
Hitchens, Christopher, “Struggle of the Kurds,” National Geographic 182: 2 (August 1992), 32–63.
Holsti, K. J., International Politics, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1992.
Homer-Dixon, Thomas F., “They and We: An Empirical and Philosophical Study of a Theory of Social Conflict,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989.
Horowitz, Donald, Ethnic Groups in Conflict, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
Howell, David, Roots of Rural Ethnic Mobilization, New York: New York University Press, 1993.
Hughey, Michael W. (ed.), New Tribalisms: The Resurgence of Race and Ethnicity, London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1998.
Human Rights Watch, Helsinki, various reports 1985–2000.
Hutchinson, John, “Ethnicity and Modern Nations,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 23: 4 (July, 2000), 651–669.
Hutchinson, John and Smith, Anthony D. (eds.), Ethnicity, New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Icduygu, Ahmet, Romano, David, and Sirkeci, Ibrahim, “The Ethnic Question in an Environment of Insecurity: The Kurds in Turkey,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 22: 6 (November, 1999), 991–1010.
Ignatieff, Michael, Blood and Belonging: The Road to Nowhere, Video Documentary, BBC Wales, 1995.
Ignatief, Michael, The Warrior's Honor: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience, Toronto: Viking Press, 1998.
Imset, Ismet G., The PKK, Ankara: Turkish Daily News Publications, 1992.
Inal, Celal (ed.) Demokrasi diye diye: “demokrasi radyosu” programlari, Ankara: Toplum Sorunlari Arastirma Vakfi, undated.
Insan Halklari Dernegi (IHD), “Evaluation by Mr. Akin Birdal, President of the Human Rights Association, on the Human Rights Practices in 1997 in Turkey,” Ankara, January, 1998.
International Human Rights Law Group, “Criminalizing Parliamentary Speech in Turkey,” Washington DC, May, 1994.
Izady, Mehrdad, The Kurds: A Concise Handbook, Washington DC: Taylor and Francis, 1992.
Jackson, Robert, Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Third World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Johnson, Chalmers, Revolutionary Change, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1966.
Journal of Kurdish Studies, The, Volume 1, Louvain: Peters Press, 1995.
Kahraman, Ahmet, “Icte Teror, Dista da,” Ozgur Politika, September 16, 2001 (http://www.ozgurpolitika.org/2001/10/16/hab41.html).
Karadaghi, Mustafa, Kurdistan Times 3, Fairfax: Kurdish Human Rights Watch, December, 1993.
Kedourie, Elie, Nationalism, London: Hutchinson & Co. Ltd., 1966.
Kedourie, Sylvia (ed.), Turkey Before and After Ataturk, London: Frank Cass, 1999.
Khalil, Samir al, Republic of Fear: The Politics of Modern Iraq, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1989.
Kingston, Paul and Spears, Ian S. (eds.), States Within States: Incipient Political Entities in the Post-Cold War Era, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
Kirisci, Kemal and Winrow, Gareth M., The Kurdish Question and Turkey, London: Frank Cass, 1997.
Klandermans, Bert, The Social Psychology of Protest, Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, Inc., 1997.
Klandermans, Bert, Kriesi, Hanspeter, and Tarrow, Sidney (eds.), From Structure to Action: Comparing Social Movement Research Across Cultures, International Social Movement Research 1, Greenwich: JAI Press, 1988.
Koohi-Kamali, Farideh, The Political Development of the Kurds in Iran, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
Korn, David, “The Last Years of Mustafa Barzani,” Middle East Quarterly (June, 1994), 13–24.
Korn, David,“Interview with PKK Leader Abdullah Ocalan,” http://www.etext.org/Politics/Arm.The.Spirit/Kurdistan/Articles/apo-korn-interview.txt, 1995.
Kramer, Heinz, A Changing Turkey, Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000.
Kreyenbroek, Philip G., and Sperl, Stefan (eds.), The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview, London: Routledge, 1992.
Kurdish Information Center Toronto, “Information About the Kurdistan Workers Party PKK: Kurdistan a History of Oppression,” ERNK undated document.
Kurdish Institute of Paris, “The New Turkish ‘Anti-Terrorism’ Law,” Information and Liason Bulletin, 74–75 (May–June, 1991).
Kurzman, Charles, “Structural Opportunity and Perceived Opportunity in Social-Movement Theory: The Iranian Revolution of 1979,” American Sociological Review 61: 1 (February 1996) 153–170.
Kut, Gün, “Burning Waters: The Hydropolitics of the Euphrates and Tigris,” New Perspectives on Turkey 9 (Fall 1993), 1–17.
Kutschera, Chris, Le Mouvement national kurde, Paris: Flammarion, 1979.
Kutschera, Chris, Le Défi kurde, Paris: Bayard Editions, 1997.
Lawrence, David Aquila, “A Shaky De Facto Kurdistan,” Middle East Report 215:30:2 (Summer 2000), 24–27.
Leezenberg, Michiel, “The Kurds and the City,” The Journal of Kurdish Studies 2 (1997), 57–62.
Lichbach, Mark Irving, “An Evaluation of ‘Does Economic Inequality Breed Political Conflict?’ Studies,” World Politics 41: 4 (July, 1989), 431–470.
Lichbach, Mark Irving, and Zuckerman, Alan S., (eds.), Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture and Structure, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Makarenko, Vadim, “The Non-Existent State and the Unknown War …” New Times (November, 1995), 50–53.
Makiya, Kanan, “The Anfal: Uncovering an Iraqi Campaign to Exterminate the Kurds,” Harper's Magazine (May 1992), 53–61.
Makiya, Kanan, Cruelty and Silence, New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1993.
Mango, Andrew, “Turks and Kurds,” Middle Eastern Studies 30: 4 (October, 1994), 1–25.
Marcus, Aliza, “City in the War Zone,” Middle East Report 189 (July–August, 1994) 16–19.
Marcus, Aliza, “With the Kurdish Guerrillas,” Dissent 41 (Spring, 1994), 178–181.
Mayall, Simon V., “Turkey: Thwarted Ambition,” McNair Paper 56, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, Washington DC, January 1997.
McAdam, Doug, McCarthy, John D., and Zald, Mayer N. (eds.), Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
McCready, William (ed.), Culture, Ethnicity, and Identity, New York: Academic Press, 1983.
McDowall, David. A Modern History of the Kurds, London: I. B. Taurus, 1997.
Medico International Germany and the Kurdish Human Rights Project, The Destruction of Villages in South-East Turkey, London, 1996.
Melson, Robert and Wolpe, Howard, “Modernization and the Politics of Communalism: A Theoretical Perspective,” American Political Science Review 64 (December 1970), 1112–1130.
Melucci, Alberto, “Getting Involved: Identity and Mobilization in Social Movements,” International Social Movement Research 1, (Greenwich: JAI Press), 1988, pp. 329–348.
Middle East Report: The Kurdish Experience 189, July–August, 1994.
Migdal, Joel S., Peasants, Politics, and Revolution: Pressures Towards Political and Social Change in the Third World, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975.
Miller, Judith, and Mylroie, Laurie, Saddam Hussein and the Crisis in the Gulf, New York: Times Books, 1990.
Minh, Ho Chi, Ho Chi Minh on Revolution: Selected Writings, Fall, Bernard B. edition, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., 1967.
Mohammadi, Ali and Sreberny-Mohammadi, Annabelle, Small Media, Big Revolution, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994.
Mojab, Shahrzad (ed.), Women of a Non-State Nation: The Kurds, Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2001.
Moore, Barrington Jr., Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World, Boston: Beacon Press, 1967.
More, Christiane, Les Kurdes aujourd'hui, Paris: L'Harmattan, 1984.
Moris, Aldon and Mueller, Carol M. (eds.), Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
Munck, G., “Social Movements and Democracy in Latin America: Theoretical Debates and Comparative Perspectives,” mimeo, 1991.
Nagel, Joan, “Conditions of Ethnic Separatism: The Kurds in Turkey, Iran, and Iraq,” Ethnicity 7: 3 (September, 1980), 279–297.
Nash, Kate, Contemporary Political Sociology: Globalization, Politics, and Power, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, Inc., 2000.
Nielsen, François, “Towards a Theory of Ethnic Solidarity in Modern Societies,” American Sociological Review 50: 2 (1985), 133–149.
Nisan, Mordechai, Minorities in the Middle East, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1991.
Pasha, Nouri, Ihsan, General, La Révolte de l'Agri-dagh, Geneva: Editions Kurdes, 1986.
O'Ballance, Edgar, The Kurdish Struggle: 1920–94, London: Macmillan Press, Ltd., 1996.
Oberschall, Anthony, Social Conflict and Social Movements, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973.
Olson, Mancur, The Logic of Collective Action, Boston: Harvard University Press, 1965.
Olson, Robert, The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880–1925, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989.
Olson, Robert (ed.), The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s, Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1996.
Olzak, Susan, The Dynamics of Ethnic Competition and Conflict, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992.
Olzak, Susan and Nagel, Joane (eds.), Competitive Ethnic Relations, New York: Academic Press, Inc., 1986.
Opp, Karl-Dieter, The Rationality of Political Protest, Boulder: Westview Press, Inc., 1989.
Ozbudun, Ergun, Social Change and Political Participation in Turkey, Princeton, N J: Princeton University Press, 1976.
Ozoglu, Hakan, “‘Nationalism’ and Kurdish Notables in the Late Ottoman – Early Republican Era,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 33 (2001), 383–409.
Permanent Mission of Turkey, Geneva, “Information Note,” undated secret document.
Peuples Méditerranées, Les Kurdes et les états, no. 68–69, juillet–decembre 1994.
Popkin, Samuel L., The Rational Peasant, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
Radu, Michael, “Is the PKK on the Ropes,” E-Notes, Foreign Policy Research Institute, September 28, 1999.
Randal, Jonathan C., After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness? My Encounters with Kurdistan, Oxford: Westview Press, 1999.
Romano, David, “Refugees and IDPs into the Maelstrom: Return Problems in Iraq,” Forced Migration Review, Refugee Studies Center, University of Oxford (forthcoming in 2005).
Romano, David, “Alice Through the Looking Glass? Reflections on an Iraqi Sojourn,” Policy Options Magazine, Institute for Research on Public Policy, 25: 11 (November 2004), 62–65.
Romano, David, “From Dictatorship to Democracy: Uniting Diversity in the Tent of Federalism,” Policy Options Magazine, Institute for Research on Public Policy, 25: 02 (2004).
Romano, David, “Turmoil in Post-Saddam Iraq: Speed Bumps or Roadblocks?” Policy Options Magazine, Institute for Research on Public Policy, 25: 05 (2004).
Romano, David, “Modern Communications Technology in Ethnic Nationalist Hands: The Case of the Kurds,” Canadian Journal of Political Science, 2002, 35: 1.
Ron, James, Weapons Transfers and Violations of the Laws of War in Turkey, Human Rights Watch, November 1995.
Rothschild, Joseph, Ethnopolitics, New York: Columbia University Press, 1981.
Rubin, Michael, “Interview: Barham Salih, Prime Minister, Kurdistan Regional Government (northern Iraq),” Middle East Intelligence Bulletin 3: 9 (September 2001), http://www.meib.org/issues/0109.htm.
Ryan, Nick, “Television Nation,” Wired Magazine (March 1997), http://wired.com/wired/archive/5.12/scans.html.
Salih, Khaled, “Anfal: The Kurdish Genocide in Iraq,” Digest of Middle East Studies 4: 2 (Spring, 1995), 24–39.
Samii, Bill, “Ethnicity Affects Parliament,” Iran Report (October 15, 2001), Volume 4: 39, http://mywebpage.netscape.com/kurdistanobserve/15-10-01-rfe-kurdish-parliamentarians-resign.html.
Sammali, Jacqueline, Etre Kurde, un délit?Paris: L'Harmattan, 1995.
Scott, James C., The Moral Economy of the Peasant, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976.
Serxwebun, “Interview with PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan,” April 1995, translation by American Kurdish Information Network.
Shabazi, Hossein A., “Domestic and International Factors Precipitating Kurdish Ethnopolitical Conflict: A Comparative Analysis of Episodes of Rebellion in Iran, Iraq and Turkey,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Maryland: 1998.
Sim, Richard, “Kurdistan: The Search for Recognition,” Conflict Studies 124 (November 1980), 1–9.
Skocpol, Theda, States and Social Revolutions, London: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
Smith, Anthony, National Identity, London: Penguin Books, 1991.
Snow, David, Rochford, B., Worden, S., and Benford, R., “Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation,” American Sociological Review 51: 4 (July 1986), 464–481.
Spears, Ian S., “States Within States: Incipient Political Entities in the Post-Cold War Era,” Paper presented at the University of Toronto, Munk Centre Conference on States Within States, October 20, 2001.
Stack, John F. (ed.), Ethnic Identities in a Transnational World, Westport: Greenwood Press, 1981.
Stack, John F. (ed.),The Primordial Challenge, New York: Greenwood Press, 1986.
Stansfield, Gareth R. V., Iraqi Kurdistan: Political Development and Emergent Democracy, London: Routledge Curzon, 2003.
Steinitz, Mark, “Insurgents, Terrorists and the Drug Trade,” The Washington Quarterly (Fall 1985), 145–150.
Stephen, Chris, “When the Allies Leave,” New Statesman and Society (June 7, 1991), 54–56.
Swidler, Ann, “Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies,” American Sociological Review 51: 2 (1986), 273–286.
Tajfel, Henri, “Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination,” Scientific American 223 (November 1970), 96–102.
Tajfel, Henri,“Intergroup Behaviour, Social Comparison and Social Change,” Katz-Newcomb Lectures, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, mimeo, 1974.
Talabani, Nouri, The Kurdish View on the Constitutional Future of Iraq, London: Nouri Talabani (privately published), 1999.
Talabani, Nouri,“Ethnic Cleansing in Iraqi-Kurdistan,” Kirkuk Trust for Research and Study (KTRS), 2000.
Taylor, Michael, Rationality and Revolution, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Thompson, Dennis L. and Ronen, Dov (eds.), Ethnicity, Politics, and DevelopmentBoulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1986.
Tilly, Charles, From Mobilization to Revolution, Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1978.
Tocqueville, Alexis, Democracy in America, New York: Vintage, 1954.
Toprak, Binnaz, Islam and Political Development in Turkey, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1981.
Touraine, Alain, The Voice and the Eye: An Analysis of Social Movements, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
Treaties of Peace 1919–1923, The, Vol. II, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York, 1924; via The World War I Document Archive, Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, Utah.
Tucker, Robert C. (ed.), The Marx-Engels Reader, London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1978.
Turkish Democracy Foundation, Fact Book on Turkey: Kurds and the PKK Terrorism, Ankara, May 1996.
Turkish Republic, Ministry of the Interior, “Secret T. C. Interior Ministry, Public Relations Office Chairmanship”, Number: B050HID0000073/472 03/01/1997, Matter: Measures to be taken against PKK activities in 1997, Regarding: Prime Ministerial orders dated 12.11.1993,” obtained from Kurdistan Informatie Centrum Nederland.
Turner, John C., “Social Comparison and Social Identity: Some Prospects for Intergroup Behaviour,” European Journal of Social Psychology 5 (1975), 5–34.
Uclu, M. S., “Kurdistan'da Yeni Insan,” Serxwebun (March 21–23, 1996).
United Nations, “Report of the Second Panel Established Pursuant to the Note by the President of the Security Council of 30 January 1999 (S/1999/100), Concerning the Current Humanitarian Situation in Iraq,” March 30, 1999.
United Nations,“Report of the Secretary-General Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 1360 (2001),” Sept. 28, 2001.
United States Department of State, “Saddam Hussein's Iraq,” Sept.13, 1999.
United States Department of State,Human Rights Report: Turkey, 1992–2000.
US Congress, Situation of Kurds in Turkey, Iraq and Iran: Briefing by the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Washington DC: Government Printing Office, 1993.
Vali, Abbas, “Nationalism and Kurdish Historical Writing,” New Perspectives on Turkey 14 (Spring 1996), 23–51.
Vali, Abbas, “The Kurds and Their ‘Others’: Fragmented Identity and Fragmented Politics,” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 18: 2 (1998), 82–95.
Vanly, Ismet Chériff, Le Kurdistan irakien: entité nationale, Neuchatel: Les Editions de la Baconnière, 1970.
Vanly, Ismet Serif, Survey of the National Question of Turkish Kurdistan, Europe: Hevra, Organization of the Revolutionary Kurds of Turkey in Europe, 1971.
Vanly, Ismet Serif,“Kurdistan, the Kurds and the Kurdish National Question: Historical Background and Perspective,” background paper prepared for the Preparatory Commission for Parliament of Kurdistan in Exile, 1993.
Wahlbeck, Osten, Kurdish Diasporas, New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc., 1999.
Waldner, David, State Building and Late Development, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999.
Warreport, Special Feature: The Crushing of Kurdish Civil Society, November/December, 1996.
Weber, Eugen, Peasants into Frenchmen, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1976.
Weber, Max, From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, New York: Oxford University Press, 1958.
Weiner, Myron, “Peoples and States in a New Ethnic Order?” Third World Quarterly 13: 4 (1992), 317–333.
Weir, Stuart, “In Iraqi Kurdistan: Living Short, with Dignity,” New Statesman 4: 2 (Winter 1993), 63–65.
White, Paul, Primitive Rebels or Revolutionary Modernizers? The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey, London: Zed Books, 2000.
Wolf, Eric, Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century, New York: Harper and Row, 1969.
Yalcin-Heckmann, Lale, Tribe and Kinship among the Kurds, Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1991.
Yassin, Borhanedin A., Vision or Reality? The Kurds in the Policy of the Great Powers, 1941–1947, Lund: Lund University Press, 1995.
Yavuz, Hakan (ed.), Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 18: 1 (April 1998).
Yegen, Mesut, “The Turkish State Discourse and the Exclusion of Kurdish Identity”, Middle Eastern Studies 32: 2 (April 1996), 216–229.
Young, Crawford, The Politics of Cultural Pluralism, London: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1976.
Young, Crawford, “Patterns of Social Conflict: State, Class and Ethnicity,” Daedalus 111: 2 (Spring 1982), 71–98.
