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1 - Disaster Research and Epidemiology

from PART I - CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND STRATEGIC OVERVIEW

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2011

By
Megumi Kano ,
Michele M. Wood ,
Judith M. Siegel  and
Linda B. Bourque
Edited by
Kristi L. Koenig  and
Carl H. Schultz
Kristi L. Koenig
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
Carl H. Schultz
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
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Summary

OVERVIEW

Defining Disaster

There is no single, agreed-upon definition of disaster either within or across disciplines. Definitions used in practice and research vary widely, reflecting differing objectives and interests in regard to the causes, consequences, and processes involved in disasters. In the Preface, Koenig presents a terminology for describing disasters that focuses on the functional impact of disasters to the healthcare system. This chapter discusses research methods and findings in the context of the broader spectrum of processes involved in disasters including, but not limited to, the impact on the healthcare system, the short- and long-term effects on people's health and livelihoods, and the behaviors of individuals, groups, and organizations in relation to disasters.

Accordingly, a disaster is “any community emergency that seriously affects people's lives and property and exceeds the capacity of the community to respond effectively to the emergency.” For instance, Hurricane Katrina was a category 5 hurricane at its peak, which made landfall as a category 3 hurricane in the Gulf Coast region of the United States on August 29, 2005. Its accompanying storm surge overwhelmed the local flood protection system, flooded entire communities, led to mass evacuation, caused multiple human casualties, and significantly disrupted people's livelihoods. It overwhelmed the response capacity of the community at the individual, household, and organizational levels. Thus, studies of this disaster legitimately go beyond its impact on the healthcare system.

Keywords

disaster epidemiologydisaster morbiditydisaster researchhealthcare providersmortalitydisaster vulnerabilityhealthcare organizations
Type
Chapter
Information
Koenig and Schultz's Disaster Medicine
Comprehensive Principles and Practices
 , pp. 3 - 20
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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