The Insufficiency of Concomitance Alone

doi:10.1017/9781009031783.005

Chapter 3 - The Insufficiency of Concomitance Alone

‘Co-Presence and Co-Absence’ in the Mukhtaṣar of Ibn al-Ḥājib (d. 646/1249), with Commentary from the Sharḥ of al-Ījī (d. 756/1355) and the Ḥāshiya of al-Taftāzānī (d. 793/1390)

from Part I - Islamic Legal Theory (Uṣūl al-Fiqh) and Related Genres

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 November 2024

Walter Edward Young

Edited by

Omar Anchassi and

Robert Gleave

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Omar Anchassi: Affiliation:
Universität Bern, Switzerland
Robert Gleave: Affiliation:
University of Exeter

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Summary

This chapter explores the discussion of the utility of co-presence and co-absence (al-ṭard wa-l-ʿaks) - a.k.a. concomitance (dawarān) - in determining whether a property is a cause (ʿilla) of its associated ruling (ḥukm) in the famous Mukhtaṣar of Ibn al-Ḥājib (d. 646/1249), as well as in the commentary of ʿAḍud al-Dīn al-Ījī (d. 756/1355) and its gloss by Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī (d. 793/1390). This issue, while seemingly abstract, is vitally important to the proper application of causal qiyās. For this type of qiyās to be a legitimate method for deriving legal norms, one first needs to determine the cause of the rule in an authoritatively established case (called the ‘root-case,’ or aṣl). Only then can that rule be transferred to the disputed case (the ‘branch-case,’ or farʿ) in which the self-same cause exists. Arguments from concomitance (dawarān) are based on a knowledge that wherever the presumed causal property exists the legal norm exists (‘co-presence’), and wherever this property does not exist the legal norm does not exist (‘co-absence’).

Keywords

Co-presence and co-absence (al-ṭard wa-l-ʿaks)Concomitance (dawarān)Cause (ʿilla)Suitability (munāsaba)Resemblance (shabah)Analytical division (al-sabr wa-l-taqsīm)Implication (mulāzama) .

Type: Chapter
Information: Islamic Law in Context
A Primary Source Reader
, pp. 33 - 46

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009031783.005 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2024

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