Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T03:40:21.526Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 June 2019

Christopher J. Cleal
Affiliation:
National Museum Wales, Cardiff
Barry A. Thomas
Affiliation:
University of Wales, Aberystwyth
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, M. L. 1958. The American species of Asterophyllites, Annularia, and Sphenophyllum. Bulletin of American Paleontology, 38, 289390.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. M. & Anderson, H. M. 2003. Heyday of the Gymnosperms: Systematics and Biodiversity of the Late Triassic Molteno Fructifications. Sterlitzia, Volume XV. Pretoria: National Botanic Institute.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. M., Anderson, H. M. & Cleal, C. J. 2007. Brief History of the Gymnosperms: Classification, Biodiversity, Phytogeography and Ecology. Sterlitzia, Volume XX. Pretoria: National Botanic Institute.Google Scholar
Andrews, H. N. 1952. A fossil osmundaceous tree fern from Brazil. Bulletin of the Torey Botanical Club, 77, 2934.Google Scholar
Andrews, H. N. 1980. The Fossil Hunters: In Search of Ancient Plants. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Arber, E. A. N. 1921a. A sketch of the history of palaeobotany with special reference to the fossil flora of the British Coal Measures. In Singer, C., ed., Studies in the History and Method of Science. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 471489.Google Scholar
Arber, E. A. N. 1921b. Devonian Floras: A Study of the Origin of Cormophyta. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ash, S. R. & Pigg, K. B. 1991. A new Jurassic Isoetites (Isoetales) from the Wallow Terrane in Hell’s Canyon, Oregon and Idaho. American Journal of Botany, 78, 16361642.Google Scholar
Axsmith, B. J., Krings, M. & Taylor, T. N. 2001. A filmy fern from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina (USA). American Journal of Botany, 88, 15581567.Google Scholar
Baars, C. 2017. Review of plant evolution and its effect on climate during the time of the Old Red Sandstone. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 128, 431437.Google Scholar
Banks, H. P. 1964. Evolution and Plants of the Past. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Bashforth, A. R. & Zodrow, E. L. 2007. Partial reconstruction and palaeoecology of Sphenophyllum costae (Middle Pennsylvanian, Nova Scotia, Canada). Bulletin of Geosciences, 82, 365382.Google Scholar
Bateman, R. M. 1991. Palaeobiological and phylogenetic implications of anatomically preserved Archaeocalamites from the Dinantian of Oxroad Bay and Loch Humphrey Burn, southern Scotland. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 223, 159.Google Scholar
Bateman, R. M., DiMichele, W. D. & Willard, D. A. 1992. Experimental cladistic analysis of anatomically preserved arborescent lycopsids from the Carboniferous of Euamerica: an essay on paleobotanical phylogenetics. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 79, 500559.Google Scholar
Batenburg, L. H. 1977. The Sphenophyllum species in the Carboniferous flora of Holz (Westphalian D, Saar Basin, Germany). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 24, 6999.Google Scholar
Batenburg, L. H. 1981. Vegetative anatomy and ecology of Sphenophyllum zwickaviense, S. emarginatum, and other compression species of Sphenophyllum. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 32, 275313.Google Scholar
Batten, D. J., Collinson, M. E. & Knobloch, E. 1994. Ariadaesporites and Capulisporites: water fern mega-spores from the Upper Cretaceous of Central Europe. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 83, 159174.Google Scholar
Beck, C. B. 1960. The identity of Archaeopteris and Callixylon. Brittonia, 12, 351368.Google Scholar
Beck, C. B. (ed.) 1976. Origin and Early Evolution of Angiosperms. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Beck, C. B. (ed.) 1988. Origin and Evolution of Gymnosperms. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Beerling, D. 2007. The Emerald Planet. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Behrensmeyer, A. K., Damuth, J. D., DiMichele, W. A., et al. (eds.) 1992. Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Benton, M. J. (ed.) 1993. The Fossil Record 2. London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Birks, H. J. B. & Birks, H. H. 1980. Quaternary Palaeoecology. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Boersma, M. & Broekmeyer, L. M. 1979. Index of Figured Plant Megafossils. Carboniferous 1971–1975. Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, University of Utrecht (Special Publication No. 1).Google Scholar
Boersma, M. & Broekmeyer, L. M. 1980. Index of Figured Plant Megafossils. Triassic 1971–1975. Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, University of Utrecht (Special Publication No. 2).Google Scholar
Boersma, M. & Broekmeyer, L. M. 1981. Index of Figured Plant Megafossils. Permian 1971–1975. Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, University of Utrecht (Special Publication No. 3).Google Scholar
Boersma, M. & Broekmeyer, L. M. 1982. Index of Figured Plant Megafossils. Jurassic 1971–1975. Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, University of Utrecht (Special Publication No. 4).Google Scholar
Boulter, M. C. & Fisher, H. C. (eds.) 1994. Cenozoic Plants and Climates of the Arctic. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Boureau, E. 1964. Traité de Paléobotanique, 3. Sphenophyta, Noeggerathophyta. Paris: Masson et Cie.Google Scholar
Boureau, E. 1971. Les Sphénophytes. Biologie et Histoire Évolutive. Paris: Vuibert.Google Scholar
Bowden, A. J., Burek, C. V. & Wilding, R. (eds.) 2005. History of palaeobotany: selected essays. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 241, 1304.Google Scholar
Bowerbank, J. S. 1840. A History of the Fossil Fruits and Seeds of the London Clay. London: John Van Voorst.Google Scholar
Brack-Hanes, S. D. & Greco, A. M. 1988. Biomineralization in Thalassia testudinum (Liliopsida: Hydrocharitaceae) and an Eocene seagrass. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 107, 286292.Google Scholar
Brack-Hanes, S. D. & Thomas, B. A. 1983. A reexamination of Lepidostrobus Brongniart. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 86, 125133.Google Scholar
Brongniart, A. 1828. Prodrome d’une histoire des végétaux fossiles. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, 57, 1223.Google Scholar
Brongniart, A. 1828–1838. Histoire des Végétaux Fossils, 15 parts. Paris; Strasbourg: F. G. Levrault.Google Scholar
Brousmiche, C. 1983. Les fougères sphénoptéridiennes du bassin houiller Sarro-Lorraine. Publication Société Géologique du Nord, 10, 1480.Google Scholar
Brown, R. W. 1956. Palm-like plants from the Dolores formation (Triassic) South-western Colorado. US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 274–H, 205209.Google Scholar
Brunton, C. H. C., Besterman, T. P. & Cooper, J. A. 1985. Guidelines for the curation of geological materials. Geological Society of London, Miscellaneous Paper 17.Google Scholar
Burek, C. V. & Higgs, B. (eds.) 2007. The role of women in the history of geology. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 281, 1342.Google Scholar
Burek, C. V. & Prosser, C. D. (eds.) 2008. The history of geoconservation. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 300, 1312.Google Scholar
Burgh, J. van der 1993. Oaks related to Quercus petraea from the Upper Tertiary of the Lower Rhenish Basin. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 230, 195201.Google Scholar
Call, V. B. & Dilcher, D. L. 1992. Investigations of angiosperms from the Eocene of southeastern North America: samaras of Fraxinus wilcoxiana Berry. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 74, 249266.Google Scholar
Camus, J. M. (ed.) 1991. The history of British pteridology 1891–1991. The British Pteridological Society Special Publication, 4, 715.Google Scholar
Camus, J. M., Gibby, M. & Johns, R. J. (eds.) 1996. Pteridology in Perspective. London: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Google Scholar
Camus, J. M., Jermy, A. C. & Thomas, B. A. 1991. A World of Ferns. London: Natural History Museum.Google Scholar
Chaloner, W. G. & Macdonald, P. 1980. Plants Invade the Land. Edinburgh: HMSO.Google Scholar
Chandra, S. & Surange, K. R. 1979. Revision of the Indian species of Glossopteris. Birbal Sahni Monograph, 2, 1291.Google Scholar
Cleal, C. J. (ed.) 1991. Plant Fossils in Geological Investigation: The Palaeozoic. Chichester: Ellis Horwood.Google Scholar
Cleal, C. J. 2005. The Westphalian macrofloral record from the cratonic central Pennines Basin, UK. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 156, 387410.Google Scholar
Cleal, C. J. 2008. Palaeofloristics of Middle Pennsylvanian medullosaleans in Variscan Euramerica. Palaeogeography, Palaeoecology, Palaeoclimatology, 268, 164180.Google Scholar
Cleal, C. J. 2015. The generic taxonomy of Pennsylvanian age marattialean fern frond adpressions. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 292, 121.Google Scholar
Cleal, C. J. & Cascales-Miñana, B. 2014. Composition and dynamics of the great Phanerozoic Evolutionary Floras. Lethaia, 47, 469484.Google Scholar
Cleal, C. J. & Shute, C. H. 1995. A synopsis of neuropteroid foliage from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian of Europe. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series, 51, 152.Google Scholar
Cleal, C. J. & Shute, C. H. 2012. The systematic and palaeoecological value of foliage anatomy in Late Palaeozoic medullosalean seed-plants. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 10, 765800.Google Scholar
Cleal, C. J. & Thomas, B. A. 1994. Plant Fossils of the British Coal Measures, Field Guide to Fossils 6. London: Palaeontological Association.Google Scholar
Cleal, C. J. & Thomas, B. A. 1995. Palaeozoic Palaeobotany of Great Britain, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 9. London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Cleal, C. J. & Thomas, B. A. 1999. Plant Fossils, Fossils Illustrated, Vol. II. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.Google Scholar
Cleal, C. J. & Thomas, B. A. 2010. Botanical nomenclature and plant fossils. Taxon, 59, 261268.Google Scholar
Cleal, C. J., Thomas, B. A., Batten, D. J. & Collinson, M. E. 2001. Mesozoic and Tertiary Palaeobotany of Great Britain, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 22. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee.Google Scholar
Cleal, C. J., Uhl, D., Cascales-Miñana, B., Thomas, B. A., Bashforth, A. R., King, S. C. & Zodrow, E. L. 2012. Plant biodiversity changes in Carboniferous tropical wetlands. Earth-Science Reviews, 114, 124155.Google Scholar
Collinson, M. E. 1980. A new multiple-floated Azolla from the Eocene of Britain with a brief review of the genus. Palaeontology, 23, 213229.Google Scholar
Collinson, M. E. 1983. Fossil Plants of the London Clay, Field Guide to Fossils, No. 1. London: Palaeontological Association.Google Scholar
Collinson, M. E. 2001. Cainozoic ferns and their distribution. Brittonia, 53, 173235.Google Scholar
Collinson, M. E. 2002. The ecology of Cainozoic ferns. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 119, 5168.Google Scholar
Collinson, M. E., Kvaček, Z. & Zastawniak, E. 2001. The aquatic plants Salvinia (Salviniales) and Limnobiophyllum (Arales) from the Late Miocene flora of Sośnica (Poland). Acta Palaeobotanica, 41, 253282.Google Scholar
Cornish, L. & Doyle, A. 1984. Use of ethamolamine thioglycollate in the conservation of pyritized fossils. Palaeontology, 27, 421424.Google Scholar
Coturel, E. P. & Césari, S. N. 2017. Revision of Fedekurtzia (pteridosperm) and allied fronds from the Carboniferous of Gondwana. Acta Palaeobotanica, 57, 135151.Google Scholar
Crabb, P. 2001. The use of polarised light in photography of macrofossils. Palaeontology, 44, 659664.Google Scholar
Crane, P. R. 1982. Betulaceous leaves and fruits from the British Upper Palaeocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 83, 103136.Google Scholar
Crane, P. R. 1989. Paleobotanical evidence on the early radiation of nonmagnoliid dicotyledons. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 162, 165191.Google Scholar
Crane, P. R. & Blackmore, S. 1989. Evolution, Systematics, and Fossil History of the Hamamelidae, Special Vol. IV, 2 vols. London: Systematics Association.Google Scholar
Crane, P. R. & Dilcher, D. L. 1985. Lesqueria: an early angiosperm fruiting axis from the mid-Cretaceous. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 71, 384402.Google Scholar
Crawley, M. 1989. Dicotyledonous wood from the Lower Tertiary of Britain. Palaeontology, 32, 597622.Google Scholar
Crepet, W. L., Friis, E. M. & Nixon, K. C. 1991. Fossil evidence for the evolution of biotic pollination. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 333, 187195.Google Scholar
Cridland, A. A. & Williams, J. L. 1966. Plastic and epoxy transfers of fossil plant compressions. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 93, 311322.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. R. 1839. Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the Various Countries During the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle Round the World. London: Ward Lock.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. R. 1844. Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands and Parts of South America Visited During the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. London: Smith, Elder & Co.Google Scholar
Delevoryas, T. 1966. Morphology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. Austin, TX: Holt, Reinhart & Winston.Google Scholar
Dilcher, D. L. 1973. A paleoclimatic interpretation of the Eocene floras of southeastern North America. In Graham, A., ed., Vegetation and Vegetational History of Latin America. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
DiMichele, W. A. and Falcon-Lang, H. J. 2011. Pennsylvanian ‘fossil forests’ in growth position (T0 assemblages): origin, taphonomic bias and palaeoecological insights. Journal of the Geological Society, 168, 585605.Google Scholar
DiMichele, W. A. & Phillips, T. L. 1985. Arborescent lycopod reproduction and paleoecology in a coal-swamp environment of late Middle Pennsylvanian Age (Herrin Coal, Illinois, U.S.A.). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 44, 126.Google Scholar
DiMichele, W. A., Phillips, T. L. & Pfefferkorn, H. W. 2006. Paleoecology of Late Paleozoic pteridosperms from tropical Euramerica. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 133, 83118.Google Scholar
DiMichele, W. A. & Skog, J. E. (eds.) 1992. The Lycopsida: a symposium. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 79, 447736.Google Scholar
Dix, E. 1934. The sequence of floras in the Upper Carboniferous, with special reference to South Wales. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 57, 789838.Google Scholar
Dobruskina, I. A. 1994. Triassic floras of Eurasia. Österrieiche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Schriftenreihe der Erdwissenschaften Kommissionen, 10.Google Scholar
Doyle, J. A. & Hickey, L. J. 1976. Pollen and leaves from the Mid Cretaceous Potomac Group and their bearing on early angiosperm evolution. In Beck, C. B., ed., Origins and Early Evolution of Angiosperms. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 139206.Google Scholar
Doyle, P., Bennett, M. R. & Baxter, A. N. 2001. The Key to Earth History: An Introduction to Stratigraphy, 2nd edn. London: J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Doyle, P. & Robinson, E. 1993. The Victorian ‘Geological Illustrations’ of Crystal Palace Park. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 104, 181194.Google Scholar
Dyer, A. F. & Page, C. N. (eds.) 1985. Biology of pteridophytes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B, 86, 1474.Google Scholar
Edwards, D. 1994. Towards an understanding of pattern and process in the growth of early vascular plants. In Ingram, D. S. & Hudson, A., eds., Shape and Form in Plants and Fungi. Linnean Society Symposium Series, 16, 3959.Google Scholar
Edwards, D. 1996. New insights into early land ecosystems: a glimpse of a Lilliputian world. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 90, 159174.Google Scholar
Edwards, D. 1997. Charting diversity in early land plants: some challenges for the next millennium. In Iwatsuki, K. & Raven, P. H., eds., Evolution and Diversification of Land Plants. Tokyo: Springer, pp. 326.Google Scholar
Edwards, D., Davies, K. L. & Axe, L. 1992. A vascular conducting strand in the early land plant Cooksonia. Nature, 357, 683685.Google Scholar
Edwards, D., Dolan, L. & Kenrick, P. 2018. The Rhynie Cherts: our earliest terrestrial ecosystem revisted. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 373.Google Scholar
Edwards, D. & Wellman, C. H. 2001. Embryophytes on land: the Ordovician to Lochkovian (Lower Devonian) record. In Gensel, P. G. & Edwards, D., eds., Plants Invade the Land: Evolutionary and Environmental Perspectives. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 328.Google Scholar
Elkund, H., Friss, E. M. & Pedersen, K. R. 1997. Chloranthaceous floral structures from the Late Cretaceous of Sweden. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 207, 1342.Google Scholar
Eriksson, O., Friss, E. M. & Löfgren, P. 2000. Seed size, fruit size and dispersal systems in angiosperms from the Early Cretaceous to the Late Tertiary. The American Naturalist, 156, 4758.Google Scholar
Erwin, D. H. 1993. The Great Paleozoic Crisis: Life and Death in the Permian. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Erwin, D. M. & Stockey, R. A. 1989. Permineralised monocotyledons from the Middle Eocene Princeton chert (Allenby Formation) of British Columbia: Alismataceae. Canadian Journal of Botany, 67, 26362645.Google Scholar
Erwin, D. M. & Stockey, R. A. 1991. Silicified monocotyledons from the Middle Eocene Princeton Chert (Allenby Formation) of British Columbia, Canada. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 70, 147162.Google Scholar
Esau, K. 1960. Plant Anatomy. London: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
Florin, R. 1951. Evolution in cordaites and conifers. Acta Horti Bergiana, 15, 285388.Google Scholar
Florin, R. 1963. The distribution of conifers and taxad genera in time and space. Acta Horti Bergiana, 20, 121312.Google Scholar
Francis, J. E. 1984. The seasonal environment of the Purbeck (Upper Jurassic) fossil forests. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 48, 285307.Google Scholar
Friis, E. M. 1985a. Structure and function in Late Cretaceous flowers. Det Kongelige. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter, 25, 137.Google Scholar
Friis, E. M. 1985b. Angiosperm fruits and seeds from the Middle Miocene of Jutland (Denmark). Kongelige Danske Videnkaberne Selskab Biologiske Skrifter, 24(3), 165.Google Scholar
Friis, E. M., Chaloner, W. G. & Crane, P. R. (eds.) 1987. The Origins of Angiosperms and their Biological Consequences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R. & Pedersen, K. R. 1997. Fossil history of magnoliid angiosperms. In Iwatsuki, K. & Raven, P. H., eds., Evolution and Diversification of Land Plants. Tokyo: Springer, pp. 121156.Google Scholar
Friis, E. M. & Endress, P. K. 1990. Origin and evolution of angiosperm flowers. Advances in Botanical Research, 17, 99162.Google Scholar
Friis, E. M., Pedersen, K. R. & Crane, P. R. 1994. Angiosperm floral structures from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 8 (Suppl.), 3149.Google Scholar
Friis, E. M., Pedersen, K. R. & Crane, P. R. 2010. Diversity in obscurity: fossil flowers and the early history of angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 365, 369382.Google Scholar
Friis, E. M. & Skarby, A. 1982. Scandianthus gen. nov., angiosperm flowers of saxifragalean affinity from the Upper Cretaceous of southern Sweden. Annals of Botany, 50, 569583.Google Scholar
Gao, Z. & Thomas, B. A. 1989. A review of fossil cycad evidence of Crossozamia Pomel and its associated leaves from the Lower Permian of Taiyuan, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 60, 205223.Google Scholar
Gastaldo, R. A. 1981. Taxonomic considerations for Carboniferous coalified compression equisetalean strobili. American Journal of Botany, 68, 13191324.Google Scholar
Gastaldo, R. A. 1986. An explanation for lycopod configuration, Fossil Grove Victoria Park, Glasgow. Scottish Journal of Geology, 22, 7783.Google Scholar
Gastaldo, R. A. 1987. Confirmation of Carboniferous clastic swamp communities. Nature, 326, 869871.Google Scholar
Gastaldo, R. A. 1992. Regenerative growth in fossil horsetails following burial by alluvium. Historical Biology, 6, 203219.Google Scholar
Gensel, P. G. & Andrews, H. N. 1984. Plant Life in the Devonian. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Good, C. W. 1971. The ontogeny of Carboniferous articulates: calamite leaves and twigs. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 113, 137158.Google Scholar
Good, C. W. 1975. Pennsylvanian-age calamitean cones, elater-bearing spores, and associated vegetative organs. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 153, 2899.Google Scholar
Gordon, W. T. 1935. Plant life and the philosophy of geology. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 102, 4982.Google Scholar
Hammer, Ø. & Harper, D. A. T. 2006. Paleontological Data Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T. & Ryan, P. D. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1), 9pp.Google Scholar
Harris, T. M. 1931. The fossil flora of Scoresby Sound East Greenland Part 1: Cryptogram (exclusive of Lycopodiales). Meddelelser om Grønland, 85(2), 1104.Google Scholar
Harris, T. M. 1932. Fossil flora of Scorseby Sound. Meddelelser om Grønland, 85, 1112.Google Scholar
Harris, T. M. 1946. Notes on the Jurassic Flora of Yorkshire 31–33. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 13, 392411.Google Scholar
Harris, T. M. 1961a. The fossil cycads. Palaeontology, 4, 313323.Google Scholar
Harris, T. M. 1961b–1979. The Yorkshire Jurassic Flora, in 5 parts. London: British Museum (Natural History).Google Scholar
Harris, T. M. 1963. Hugh Hamshaw Thomas 1885–1962. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, 9, 287297.Google Scholar
Harris, T. M. 1976. The Mesozoic gymnosperms. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 21, 119134.Google Scholar
Harris, T. M., Millington, W. & Miller, J. 1974. The Yorkshire Jurassic Flora. IV. Ginkgoales, Czekanowskiales. London: British Museum (Natural History).Google Scholar
Hemsley, A. R. 1990. Parka decipiens and land plant spore evolution. Historical Biology, 4, 3950.Google Scholar
Herendeen, P. S, & Dilcher, D. L. (eds.) 1992. Advances in Legume Systematics Part 4. The Fossil Record. London: The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 326pp.Google Scholar
Herendeen, P. S., Friis, E. M., Pedersen, K. R. & Crane, P. R. 2017. Palaeobotanical redux: revisiting the age of the angiosperms. Nature Plants, 3, 17015.Google Scholar
Herendeen, P. S., Less, D. H. & Dilcher, D. L. 1990. Fossil Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllaceae) from the Tertiary of North America. American Journal of Botany, 77, 716.Google Scholar
Hickey, L. J. 1973. Classification of the architecture of dicotyledonous leaves. American Journal of Botany, 60, 1733.Google Scholar
Hill, C. R. 1996. A plant with flower-like organs from the Wealden of the Weald (Lower Cretaceous), southern England. Cretaceous Research, 17, 2738.Google Scholar
Hoadley, R. B. 1980. Understanding Wood: A Craftsman’s Guide to Wood. London: Bell & Hyman in association with Taunton Press.Google Scholar
Hopping, C. A. 1956. A note on the leaf cushions of a species of Palaeozoic arborescent lycopod (Sublepidophloios venticosus sp. nov.). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Series B, 66, 19.Google Scholar
Hori, T., Ridge, R. W., Tulecke, W., et al. (eds.) 1997. Ginkgo Biloba – A Global Treasure. Tokyo: Springer.Google Scholar
Hueber, F. M. 1968. Psilophyton: the genus and the concept. In Oswald, D. H., ed., Symposium on the Devonian System, Volume II. Calgary: Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists, pp. 815822.Google Scholar
Hueber, F. M. 1992. Thoughts on the early lycopsids and zosterophylls. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens, 79, 474499.Google Scholar
Hueber, F. M. & Galtier, J. 2002. Symplocopteris wyattii n. gen. et n. sp.: a zygopterid fern with a false trunk from the Tournaisian (Lower Carboniferous) of Queensland, Australia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 119, 241273.Google Scholar
Hughes, N. F. 1976. Paleobiology of Angiosperm Origins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hughes, N. F. 1994. The Enigma of Angiosperm Origins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. & Thomas, B. A. 1996. Welsh Ferns, Clubmosses, Quillworts and Horsetails: A Descriptive Handbook. Cardiff: National Museums & Galleries of Wales.Google Scholar
Jansonius, J. & McGregor, D. C. (eds.) 1996. Palynology: Principles and Applications, 3 vols. Dallas, TX: American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation.Google Scholar
Jennings, J. J. 1972. A polyvinyl chloride peel technique for iron sulphide petrifactions. Journal of Paleontology, 46, 7071.Google Scholar
Jones, T. P. & Rowe, N. P. (eds.) 1999. Fossil Plants and Spores: Modern Techniques. London: The Geological Society.Google Scholar
Jordan, G. J., Macphail, M. K. & Hill, R. S. 1996. A fertile pinnule with spores of Dicksonia from Early Oligocene sediments in Tasmania. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 92, 245252.Google Scholar
Kelber, K. P. 1999. Neue Befunde über die Schachtelhalme des Keupers. In Hauschke, N. & Wilde, V., eds, Trias – Eine ganz andere Welt. München: F. Pfeil, pp. 355370.Google Scholar
Kendall, M. W. 1952. Some conifers from the Jurassic of England. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 583594.Google Scholar
Kenrick, P. 1994. Alternation of generations in land plants: new phylogenetic and palaeobotanical evidence. Biological Review, 69, 293330.Google Scholar
Kerp, J. H. F. 1988. Aspects of Permian palaeobotany and palynology. X. The west- and central-European species of the genus Autunia Krasser emend. Kerp (Peltaspermaceae) and the form-genus Rhachiphyllum Kerp (callipterid foliage). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 54, 249360.Google Scholar
Kerp, J. H. F. 1991. The study of fossil gymnosperms by means of cuticular analysis. Palaios, 5, 548569.Google Scholar
Kerp, J. H. F. 1996. Post-Varsican late Palaeozoic northern hemisphere gymnosperms: the onset to the Mesozoic. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 90, 263285.Google Scholar
Kerp, J. H. F. & Barthel, M. 1993. Problems of cuticular analysis of pteridosperms. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 78, 118.Google Scholar
Kerp, J. H. F. & Bomfleur, B. 2011. Photography of plant fossils – new techniques, old tricks. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 166, 117151.Google Scholar
Kerp, J. H. F. & Haubold, H. 1988. Aspects of Permian palaeobotany and palynology. VIII. On the reclassification of the west- and central European species of the form-genus Callipteris Brongniart 1849. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 54, 135150.Google Scholar
Kidston, R. & Lang, W. H. 1917–1921. On Old Red Sandstone plants showing structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 51, 761784 (part 1); 52, 603–627, 643–680, 831–854, 855–902 (parts 2–5).Google Scholar
Knowlton, F. H. 1913. The fossil forests of Arizona. American Forestry, 19, 202218.Google Scholar
Knowlton, F. H. 1917. A fossil flora from the Frontier Formation of southwest Wyoming. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 108–F, 7394.Google Scholar
Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A. van & Morgans, H. S. 1999. The Jurassic Flora of Yorkshire, Field Guide to Fossils. No. 8. London: Palaeontological Association.Google Scholar
Krings, M. 2000. The use of biological stains in the analysis of late Palaeozoic pteridosperm cuticles. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 108, 143150.Google Scholar
Kvaček, Z. & Manum, S. V. 1993. Ferns in the Spitzbergen Palaeogene. Palaeonotographica, Abteilung B, 230, 169181.Google Scholar
Kvaček, Z. & Walther, H. 1995. The Oligocene volcanic flora of Suletice-Berand near Ústí Nad Labem, North Bohemia – a review. Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, B, Historia Nataturalis, 50, 2554.Google Scholar
Labandiera, C. C., Dilcher, D. L., Davies, D. R. & Wagner, D. L. 1994. Ninety-seven million years of angiosperm-insect association: paleobiological insights into the meaning of coevolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 91, 122278122282.Google Scholar
Lacey, W. S. 1963. Palaeobotanical techniques. In Carthy, J. D. & Duddington, C. L., eds., Viewpoints in Biology, Volume II. London: Butterworth, pp. 202243.Google Scholar
Lang, P. J., Scott, A. C. & Stephenson, J. 1995. Evidence of plant arthropod interactions from the Eocene Branksome Sand Formation, Bournemouth, England: Introduction and description of leaf mines. Tertiary Research, 15, 145174.Google Scholar
Large, M. F. & Braggins, J. E. 2001. Tree Ferns. Portland, OR: Timber Press.Google Scholar
Liu, Zhaohua, Li, Chengsen & Hilton, J. 2000. Zhutheca Liu, Li et Hilton gen. nov., the fertile pinnules of Fascipteris densata Gu et Zhi and their significance on marattialean evolution. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 136, 107117.Google Scholar
Long, A. G. 1960. On the structure of Calymmatotheca kidstoni Calder (emended) and Genomosperma latens gen. et sp. nov. from the Calciferous Sandstone Series of Berwickshire. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 64, 2944.Google Scholar
Long, A. G. 1996. Hitherto. Edinburgh: The Pentland Press.Google Scholar
Lyons, P. C., Morey, E. D. & Wagner, R. H. (eds.) 1995. Historical Perspective of Early Twentieth Century Carboniferous Palaeobotany in North America. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America.Google Scholar
Macgregor, M. & Walton, J. 1955. The Story of Fossil Grove. Glasgow: Public Parks Department.Google Scholar
Mamay, S. H. & Bateman, R. M. 1991. Archaeocalamites lazarii, sp. nov.: the range of Archaeocalamitaceae extended from the lowermost Pennsylvanian to the mid-Lower Permian. American Journal of Botany, 78, 489496.Google Scholar
Manchester, S. R. 1987. The fossil history of the Juglandaceae. Monographs in Systematic Botany, Missouri Botanic Garden, 21, 1137.Google Scholar
Manchester, S. R. 1992. Flowers, fruits, and pollen of Florissantia, an extinct malvalean genus from the Eocene and Oligocene of North America. American Journal of Botany, 79, 9961008.Google Scholar
Manchester, S. R. & Crane, P. R. 1983. Attached leaves, inflorescences, and fruits of Fagopsis, an extinct genus of Fagaceous affinity from the Oligocene Florissant Flora of Colorado, U.S.A. American Journal of Botany, 70, 11471164.Google Scholar
Manchester, S. R. & Zavada, M. S. 1987. Lygodium foliage with intact sorophores from the Eocene of Wyoming. Botanical Gazette, 148, 392399.Google Scholar
Mapes, G. & Rothwell, G. W. 1991. Structure and relationships of primitive conifers. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 183, 269287.Google Scholar
Meyen, S. V. 1987. Fundamentals of Palaeobotany. London: Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Meyen, S. V. 1997. Permian conifers of Western Angaraland. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 96, 351447.Google Scholar
Millay, M. A. 1997. A review of permineralised Euramerican Carboniferous tree ferns. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 95, 191209.Google Scholar
Miller, C. N. 1971. Evolution of the fern family Osmundaceae based on anatomical studies. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology. The University of Michigan, 23, 105169.Google Scholar
Miller, C. N. 1977. Mesozoic conifers. Botanical Review, 43, 218271.Google Scholar
Miller, C. N. 1982. Current status of Paleozoic and Mesozoic conifers. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 37, 99114.Google Scholar
Morris, J. L., Puttick, M. N., Clark, J. W., Edwards, D., Kenrick, P., Pressel, S., Wellman, C. H., Yang, Z., Schneider, H. & Donoghue, P. C. 2018. The timescale of early land plant evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115, E2274E2283.Google Scholar
Niklas, K. J. & Banks, H. P. 1990. A reevaluation of the Zosterophyllophytina with comments on the origin of lycopods. American Journal of Botany, 77, 274283.Google Scholar
Pardoe, H. S. & Thomas, B. A. 1992. Snowdon’s Plants Since the Glaciers: A Vegetation History. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.Google Scholar
Phillips, T. L. & DiMichele, W. A. 1992. Comparative ecology and life-history biology of arborescent lycopsids in late Carboniferous swamps of Euramerica. Annals of the Missouri Botanic Garden, 79, 560588.Google Scholar
Pigg, K. B. & Rothwell, G. R. 2001. Anatomically preserved Woodwardia virginica (Blechnaceae) and a new filicalean fern from the Middle Miocene Yakima Canyon flora of central Washington, USA. American Journal of Botany, 88, 777787.Google Scholar
Pigg, K. B. & Trivett, M. L. 1994. Evolution of the glossopterid gymnosperms from Permian Gondwana. Journal of Plant Research, 107, 461477.Google Scholar
Poinar, G. Jr. 2002. Fossil palm flowers in Dominican and Mexican amber. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 138, 5761.Google Scholar
Poinar, H. N., Cano, R. J. & Poinar, G. O. 1993. DNA from an extinct plant. Nature, 363, 677.Google Scholar
Poort, R. J. & Kerp, J. H. F. 1990. Aspects of Permian palaeobotany and palynology XI. On the recognition of true peltasperms in the Upper Permian of western and central Europe and a reclassification of species formerly included in Peltaspermum. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 63, 197225.Google Scholar
Rayner, R. J. 1992. Phyllotheca: the pastures of the Late Permian. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 92, 3140.Google Scholar
Read, C. B. & Brown, R. W. 1937. American Cretaceous ferns of the genus Tempskya. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 186 -F, 105129.Google Scholar
Remy, W., Gensel, P. G. & Hass, H. 1993. The gametophyte generation of some Early Devonian land plants. International Journal of Plant Science, 154, 3558.Google Scholar
Retallack, G. J. & Dilcher, D. L. 1981. Early angiosperm reproduction: Prisca reynoldsii, gen. et sp. nov. from Mid-Cretaceous coastal deposits in Kansas, U.S.A. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 179, 103137.Google Scholar
Retallack, G. J. & Dilcher, D. L. 1988. Reconstructions of selected seed ferns. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 75, 10101057.Google Scholar
Rex, G. M. 1983. The compression state of preservation of Carboniferous lepidodendrid leaves. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 39, 6585.Google Scholar
Rex, G. M. & Chaloner, W.G. 1983. The experimental formation of plant compression fossils. Palaeontology, 26, 231252.Google Scholar
Reynard, E. & Brilha, J. 2018. Geoheritage: Assessment, Protection and Management. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Robinson, S. R. & Miller, C. N. 1975. Glycol methacrylate as an embedding medium for lignitic plant fossils. Journal of Palaeontology, 49, 559561.Google Scholar
Roselt, G. von, Kupetz, M. & Beuge, P. 1982. Tertiäre Palmenwürzeln aus einer Tongrube bei Bad Freienwalde. Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden, 31, 133140.Google Scholar
Rössler, R. & Galtier, J. 2002a. First Grammatopteris tree ferns from the southern hemisphere – new insights in the evolution of the Osmundaceae from the Permian of Brazil. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology, 121, 205230.Google Scholar
Rössler, R. & Galtier, J. 2002b. Dernbachia brasiliensis gen. nov. et sp. nov.: a new small tree fern from the Permian of NE Brazil. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology, 122, 219263.Google Scholar
Rothwell, G. W. 1981. The Callistophytales (Pteridospermopsida). Reproductively sophisticated gymnosperms. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 32, 103121.Google Scholar
Rothwell, G. W. 1984. The apex of Stigmaria (Lycopsida), rooting organ of Lepidodendrales. American Journal of Botany, 71, 10311034.Google Scholar
Rothwell, G. W. 1996. Pteridophytic evolution: an often underappreciated phytological success story. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 90, 209222.Google Scholar
Rothwell, G. W., Scheckler, S. E. & Gillespie, W. H. 1989. Elkinsia gen. nov., a Late Devonian gymnosperm with cupulate ovules. Botanical Gazette, 150, 170189.Google Scholar
Rothwell, G. W. & Stockey, R. A. 1989. Fossil Ophioglossales in the Paleocene of Western North America. American Journal of Botany, 76, 637644.Google Scholar
Rothwell, G. W. & Stockey, R. A. 1991. Onoclea sensibilis in the Paleocene of North America, a dramatic example of structural and ecological stasis. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 709, 113124.Google Scholar
Rothwell, G. W. & Stockey, R. A. 1994. The role of Hydropteris pinnata gen. et sp. nov. in reconstructing the cladistics of heterosporous ferns. American Journal of Botany, 81, 479492.Google Scholar
Salamon, M. A., Gerrienne, P., Steemans, P., Gorzelak, P., Filipiak, P., Le Hérissé, A., Paris, F., Cascales‐Miñana, B., Brachaniec, T., Misz‐Kennan, M. & Niedźwiedzki, R. 2018. Putative Late Ordovician land plants. New Phytologist, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15091.Google Scholar
Schopf, J. M. 1975. Modes of fossil preservation. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 20, 2753.Google Scholar
Schwendemann, A. B., Taylor, T. N., Taylor, E. L., Krings, M. & Osborn, J. M. 2010. Modern traits in Early Mesozoic sphenophytes: the Equisetum-like cones of Spaciinodum collinsonii with in situ spores and elaters from the Middle Triassic of Antarctica. In Gee, C. T., ed., Plants in Mesozoic Time: Morphological Innovations, Phylogeny, Ecosystems. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, pp. 1533.Google Scholar
Sepkoski, J. J. Jr. 1981. A factor analytic description of the Phanerozoic marine fossil record. Paleobiology, 7, 3653.Google Scholar
Serbet, R. & Rothwell, G. W. 1992. Characterizing the most primitive seed ferns. I. A reconstruction of Elkinsia polymorpha. International Journal of Plant Science, 153, 602621.Google Scholar
Seward, A. C. 1914. British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910. Natural History Report. Geology Vol. 1. No. 1, Antarctic fossil plants. London: British Museum (Natural History).Google Scholar
Šimůnek, Z. 2007. New classification of the genus Cordaites from the Carboniferous and Permian of the Bohemian Massif, based on cuticle micromorphology. Sborník Národního Muzea v Praze, Serie B, Přírodní Vědy, 62, 97210.Google Scholar
Skelton, P., Smith, A. & Monks, N. 2002. Cladistics: a practical primer on CD-ROM. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Skog, J. E. & Dilcher, D. E. 1992. A new species of Marsilea from the Dakota Formation in Central Kansas. American Journal of Botany, 79, 982988.Google Scholar
Spencer, A. R. T., Mapes, G., Bateman, R. M., Hilton, J. & Rothwell, G. W. 2015. Middle Jurassic evidence for the origin of Cupressaceae: a paleobotanical context for the roles of regulatory genetics and development in the evolution of conifer seed cones. American Journal of Botany, 102, 942961.Google Scholar
Stace, C. A. 1989. Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics, 2nd edn. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Stearn, W. T. 1992. Botanical Latin, 4th edn. Newton Abbot: David and Charles.Google Scholar
Stein, W. E., Wight, D. C. & Beck, C. B. 1982. Techniques for preparation of pyrite and limonite permineralizations. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 36, 185194.Google Scholar
Stevens, L. G., Hilton, J., Bond, D. P. G., Glasspool, I. J. & Jardine, P. E. 2011. Radiation and extinction patterns in Permian floras from North China as indicators of environmental and climate change. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 168, 607619.Google Scholar
Stewart, W. N. & Rothwell, G. W. 1993. Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stockey, R. A. 1978. Reproductive biology of Cerro Cuadrado fossil conifers: ontogeny and reproductive strategies in Araucaria mirabilis (Spegazzini) Winhausen. Palaeontographica Abteilung B, 166, 115.Google Scholar
Stockey, R. A. 1987. A permineralised flower from the Middle Eocene of British Columbia. American Journal of Botany, 74, 18781887.Google Scholar
Stockey, R. A. 1988. Antarctic and Gondwana conifers. In Taylor, T. N. & Taylor, E. L., eds., Antarctic Paleobiology. New York: Springer, pp. 179191.Google Scholar
Stopes, M. C. 1918. Married Love. London: A. C. Fifield.Google Scholar
Stopes, M. C. 1919. On the four visible ingredients in banded bituminous coal. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 208, 389440.Google Scholar
Stopes, M. C. & Wheeler, R. V. 1919. The Constitution of Coal. London: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, HMSO.Google Scholar
Strother, P. K. 2016. Systematics and evolutionary significance of some new cryptospores from the Cambrian of eastern Tennessee, USA. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 227, 2841.Google Scholar
Stur, D. R. J. 1875. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Flora der Vorwelt – Die Culm-Flora der Ostrauer und Waldenburger Schichten. Abhandlungen Kaiserlichköniglichen Geologischen Reichsantalt, 8, 1366.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. W. & Hickey, L. J. (eds.) 1996. Flowering Plant Origin, Evolution and Phylogeny. New York: Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Taylor, T. N. 1965. Paleozoic seed studies: a monograph of the American species of Pachytesta. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 117, 146.Google Scholar
Taylor, T. N. & Millay, M. A. 1979. Pollination biology and reproduction in early seed plants. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 27, 329355.Google Scholar
Taylor, T. N. & Millay, M. A. 1981. Morphologic variability of Pennsylvanian lyginopterid seed ferns. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 32, 2762.Google Scholar
Taylor, T. N. & Smoot, E. L. (eds.) 1984. Benchmark Papers in Systematic and Evolutionary Biology. 7. Paleobotany, 2 vols. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.Google Scholar
Taylor, T. N. & Taylor, E. L. 1993. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, 2nd edn. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. 1966. The cuticle of the Lepidodendroid stem. New Phytologist, 65, 296303.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. 1967. Ulodendron: Lindley and Hutton and its cuticle. Annals of Botany New Series, 31, 775782.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. 1970. A new specimen of Lepidostrobus binneyanus from the Westphalian B of Yorkshire. Pollen et Spores, 12, 217234.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. 1974. The Lepidodendroid stoma. Palaeontology, 17, 525539.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. 1977. Epidermal studies in the interpretation of Lepidophloios species. Palaeontology, 20, 273293.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. 1978. Carboniferous Lepidodendraceae and Lepidocarpaceae. The Botanical Review, 44, 321364.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. 1981. Structural adaptations shown by the Lepidocarpaceae. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 32, 377388.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. 1986. In Search of Fossil Plants: The Life and Work of David Davies (Gilfach Goch), Geology Series No. 8, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. 1997. Upper Carboniferous herbaceous lycopsids. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 95, 129153.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. 2005. A reinvestigation of Selaginella species from the Asturian of the Zwickau coalfield, Germany and their assignment to the new sub-genus Hexaphyllum. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 156, 112.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. 2007. Phytogeography of Asturian (Westphalian D) lycophytes throughout the Euramerican belt of coalfields. Geological Magazine, 144, 457463.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. 2013. In situ stems: preservation states and growth habits of the Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) calamitaleans based upon new studies of Calamites Sternberg, 1820 in the Duckmantian at Brymbo, north Wales, UK. Palaeontology, 57, 2136.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. & Cleal, C. J. 1993. The Coal Measures Forests. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. & Cleal, C. J. 1998. Food of the Dinosaurs. Cardiff: National Museums & Galleries of Wales.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. & Cleal, C. J. 2000. Invasion of the Land. Cardiff: National Museums & Galleries of Wales.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. & Cleal, C. J. 2015. Cyclones and the formation of plant beds in late Carboniferous tropical swamps. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 95, 531536.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. & Cleal, C. J. 2018. Arborescent lycophyte growth in the late Carboniferous coal swamps. New Phytologist, 218, 885890.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A., Cleal, C. J. & Barthel, M. 2004. Palaeobotanical applications of incident-light dark-field microscopy. Palaeontology, 47, 16411645.Google Scholar
Thomas, B.A. & Dimitrova, T.K. 2017. Ecological changes in Pennsylvanian (Asturian and early Cantabrian) coal floras inferred from lycophyte microspore abundances. Earth Science Reviews, 171, 646662.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. & Masarati, D. L. 1982. Cuticular and epidermal studies in fossil and living lycophytes. In Cutler, D. F., Alvin, K. L. & Price, C. E., eds., The Plant Cuticle. Linnean Society Symposium Series, 10, 363378.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. & Meyen, S. V. 1984. A system of form-genera for the Upper Palaeozoic lepidophyte stems represented by compression-impression material. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 41, 273281.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. & Seyfullah, L. J. 2012. A re-examination of the unusual Carboniferous lycophyte species Haloniaichthyoderma Lesquereux (comb. nov.). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 182, 1419.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. & Seyfullah, L. J. 2015a. A new look at Lepidodendron ophiurus Brongniart and the recognition of L. wingfieldense sp. nov. (Flemingitaceae, lepidodendrales). From the Langsettian (Bashkirian) of Derbyshire, East Midlands, UK. Palaeontographica, Abt. B: Palaeobotany – Palaeophytology, 292, 23–32.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. & Seyfullah, L. J. 2015b. Stigmaria Brongniart: a new specimen from Duckmantian (Lower Pennsylvanian) Brymbo (Wrexham, North Wales) together with a review of known casts and how they were preserved. Geological Magazine, 15, 858870.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. A. & Spicer, R. A. 1987. The Evolution and Palaeobiology of Land Plants. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Tidwell, W. D. & Ash, S. R. 1994. A review of selected Triassic to early Cretaceous ferns. Journal of Plant Research, 107, 417442.Google Scholar
Tidwell, W. D. & Nambudiri, E. M. V. 1989. Tomlinsonia thomassonii, gen. et sp. nov., a permineralized grass from the Upper Miocene Ricardo Formation, California. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 60, 165177.Google Scholar
Tidwell, W. D. & Parker, L. R. 1990. Protoyucca shadishi gen. et sp. nov., an arborescent monocotyledon with secondary growth from the Middle Miocene of northwestern Nevada, U.S.A. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 62, 7995.Google Scholar
Torsvik, T. H., Carlos, D., Mosar, J., Cocks, L. R. M. & Malme, T. 2002. Global reconstructions and North Atlantic palaeogeography 400 Ma to Recent. In Eide, E. A., ed., BATLAS – Mid Norway Plate Reconstructions Atlas with Global and Atlantic Perspectives. Oslo: Geological Survey of Norway, pp. 1839.Google Scholar
Tralau, H. 1974. Bibliography and Index to Palaeobotany and Palynology 1950–1970, 2 vols. Stockholm: H. Tralau.Google Scholar
Tralau, H. & Lundblad, B. (eds.) 1983. Bibliography and Index to Palaeobotany and Palynology 1971–1975, 2 vols. Stockholm: Swedish Museum of Natural History and Swedish Natural Science Research Council.Google Scholar
Traverse, A. 2007. Paleopalynology, 2nd edn., Topics in Geobiology 28. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Trivett, M. L. & Rothwell, G. W. 1991. Diversity among Paleozoic Cordaitales. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 183, 289305.Google Scholar
Vakhrameev, V. A., Dobruskina, I. A., Meyen, S. V. & Zaklinssskaja, E. D. 1978. Paläozoische und mesozoische Floren Eurasiens und die Phytogeographie dieser Zeit. Jena: G. Fischer.Google Scholar
Wagner, R. H. 1968. Upper Westphalian and Stephanian species of Alethopteris from Europe, Asia Minor and North America. Mededelingen van de Rijks Geologische Dienst, Serie C, III-1, 6, 1188.Google Scholar
Wagner, R. H. 1984. Megafloral zones of the Carboniferous. Compte Rendu 9e Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère (Washington, 1979), 2, 109134.Google Scholar
Wagner, R. H., Delcambre-Brousmiche, C. & Coquel, R. 2003. Una Pompeya Paleobotánica: historia de una marisma carbon fera sepultada por cenizas volcánicas. In Nuche, R., ed., Patrimonio Geológico de Castilla-La Mancha. Madrid: Enresa, pp. 448477.Google Scholar
Walton, J. 1936. On the factors which influence the external form of fossil plants; with descriptions of the foliage of some species of the Palaeozoic equisetalean genus Annularia Sternberg. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 226, 219237.Google Scholar
Ward, L. F. 1885. Sketch of palaeobotany. Report of the United States Geological Survey, 5, 363469.Google Scholar
Watson, J. & Sincock, C. A. 1992. Bennettitales of the English Wealden. London: Palaeontographical Society.Google Scholar
Wellman, C. H. & Gray, J. 2000. The microfossil record of early land plants. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 355, 717732.Google Scholar
Wheeler, E. A., Baas, P. & Gasson, P. E. 1989. IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification. Rijksherbarium, Leiden: IAWA Bulletin n.s., 10.3.Google Scholar
White, M. E. 1986. The Greening of Gondwana. Frenchs Forest: Reed.Google Scholar
Williamson, W. C. 1896. Reminiscences of a Yorkshire Naturalist, reprinted with additions by Watson, J. & Thomas, B. A. 1985. London: George Redway.Google Scholar
Wilson, S. & Yates, P. J. 1953. On two Dicksoniaceous ferns from the Yorkshire Jurassic. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 6, 929937.Google Scholar
Wittry, J. 2006. The Mazon Creek Fossil Flora. Downers Grove, IL: Earth Science Club of Northern Illinois.Google Scholar
Wolberg, D. & Reinhard, P. 1997. Collecting the Natural World: Legal Requirements and Presumed Liability for Collecting Plants, Animals, Rocks, Minerals and Fossils. Tucson, AZ: Geosciences Press.Google Scholar
Wolfe, J. A. 1997. Relations of environmental change to angiosperm evolution during the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary. In Iwatsuki, K. & Raven, P. H., eds., Evolution and Diversification of Land Plants. Tokyo: Springer, pp. 269290.Google Scholar
Zeiller, R. 1900. Eléments de Paléobotanique. Paris: Carré et Naud.Google Scholar
Zittel, K. von. 1901. History of Geology and Palaeontology to the End of the Nineteenth Century. London: W. Scott.Google Scholar
Zodrow, E. L., Cleal, C. J. & Thomas, B. A. 2001. An Amateur’s Guide to Coal: Plant Fossils on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. Sydney: University College of Cape Breton Press.Google Scholar
Zodrow, E. L., Šimůnek, Z., Cleal, C. J., Bek, J. & Pšenička, J. 2006. Taxonomic revision of the Palaeozoic marattialean fern Acitheca. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 138, 239280.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×