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Japan Historical Development of Japanese Family Law and Family Policy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 April 2024

Robin Fretwell Wilson
Affiliation:
University of Illinois
June Carbone
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
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Summary

Résumé

Cet article décrit les développements historiques du droit de la famille et des politiques familiales japonais sous l’angle de la sociologie juridique. Après une brève introduction (première partie), la deuxième partie analyse la mise en place de politiques familiales et la reconnaissance par l’É tat d’un modèle familial ainsi que son intérêt pour la vie des familles. Il explique ensuite comment les modèles familiaux ont été prescrits par les codes civils d’avant-guerre et d’après-guerre au Japon. La troisième partie traite de l’évolution des réalités familiales d’après-guerre au Japon : la multiplication des familles dîtes « nucléaires » a soulevé de nouveaux problèmes qui ont nécessité des changements de politiques familiales, mais ceuxci ne se sont pas produits assez rapidement. La quatrième partie de l’article plaide en faveur de l’évolution du droit et des politiques familiales japonais qui traitent des questions étroitement liées aux droits et à la dignité des individus dans la vie familiale. Le dernier chapitre conclut l’article par des propositions de recherches supplémentaires sur la vie, les lois et les politiques familiales contemporaines dans une perspective sociojuridique, en tenant compte des pratiques sociétales quotidiennes intéressant la vie des familles.

INTRODUCTION

Japanese research in sociology of law takes a keen interest in the family as a key area of research. This is because the family is intimately connected with the workings of the State and society. The family has been constructed on the basis of norms and models regulated and demanded by the State and society. Norms concerning the family emanate from the State and society at the public level – beyond individual human beings and families – and individual families have been formed and managed under the direct and indirect influence of these norms. Meanwhile, the family is also a private domain that allows individuals to enter intimate relationships with others and live their unique individual lives. Furthermore, the family’s aspect as a free community can contribute to the formation of civil society. This private aspect of the family is established by the suppression or exclusion of intervention in the family in the public realm. However, in recent years, the boundary between the public and the private aspects of the family has been destabilised by the active intervention of the State and society, in resolving conflicts and protecting victims of violence within the family.

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Publisher: Intersentia
Print publication year: 2023

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