Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 February 2022
Résumé
Une nouvelle loi norvégienne sur les successions est entrée en vigueur le 1er janvier 2021. Cette nouvelle loi remplace les lois existantes sur le règlement des successions (la loi sur les successions du 21 février 1930) et sur les héritages, etc. (la loi n° 5 sur les successions du 3 mars 1972). Les dispositions de la nouvelle loi ont simplifié la législation précédente, tant sur le fond que sur le plan linguistique. Néanmoins, la structure générale du droit norvégien des successions demeure inchangée depuis près d’un siècle. La Commission du droit des successions a proposé quelques modifications majeures du droit norvégien des successions. Tout d abord, elle a proposé de renforcer les droits légaux du conjoint survivant au détriment des héritiers par le sang. Ensuite, la Commission a proposé de réduire la part obligatoire pour les enfants du défunt et les ascendants, appelée « part forcée » (pliktdel). Enfin, la Commission a proposé de mettre sur un pied d’égalité les conjoints survivants et les partenaires survivants qui ont cohabité pendant au moins cinq ans. Ces trois propositions ont toutes été rejetées par le ministère de la justice. D’un point de vue international, le changement le plus important est la codification des règles de conflit de lois en matière de succession.
INTRODUCTION
A new Norwegian Inheritance Act came into force on 1 January 2021. The new Act replaced the existing laws on the settlement of estates (the Probate Act of 21 February 1930), and on inheritance etc. (the Inheritance Act of 3 March 1972, No. 5).
The new Act, by and large, follows the status quo set out in the Probate Act and the Inheritance Act. The Inheritance Act Commission did, however, propose some major changes to Norwegian inheritance law. Firstly, it proposed strengthening the legal rights of the surviving spouse at the expense of the kinship heirs. Secondly, the Commission proposed decreasing the compulsory share for the deceased's children and their line of ascendants, the so-called ‘forced share’ (pliktdel). Thirdly, the Commission proposed placing surviving spouses and surviving partners who had cohabited for at least five years on an equal footing. These three proposals were all rejected by the Ministry of Justice. Although these specific (and significant) suggestions were turned down, many minor changes and revisions were, nonetheless, carried out.
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