Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 February 2022
Résumé
Le Kenya n’a pas de religion d’Êtat et l’on estime que les musulmans représentent moins de 10% de la population kenyane. Cependant, la Constitution et certaines lois comme la Loi sur le mariage et la Loi sur les régimes matrimoniaux prévoient que les mariages, divorces et successions musulmans sont régis par la loi islamique. Les Cadis (juges musulmans) ont eu à traiter de questions incluant le mariage, le divorce, l’autorité parentale, la conservation et l’attribution des biens lors de la dissolution de mariages musulmans. Ce chapitre analyse la jurisprudence de ces tribunaux musulmans, de la Haute Cour et de la Cour d’appel afin d’illustrer comment ils ont appliqué la loi islamique relative au divorce et à la répartition des biens lors de la dissolution d’un mariage. Cette analyse montre, entre autres, les rapports entre la loi islamique et les droits de l’Homme, les décisions discordantes de ces juridictions sur des sujets tels que la manière dont un adultère peut être prouvé et les circonstances dans lesquelles un tribunal peut accorder un divorce khuf. La jurisprudence montre également des points de vue divergents sur le droit musulman des régimes matrimoniaux.
INTRODUCTION
Kenya does not have a State religion. Muslims are estimated to constitute than 10% of the Kenyan population. The ‘Kenyan Islamic practice … is predominantly Sunni with a Shafi intellectual tradition.’ However, there are many other Muslim sects in Kenya. Although Kenya follows a common law legal system, the Constitution and other laws such as the Marriage Act and the Matrimonial Property Act provide that Muslim marriages, divorces and matters relating to inheritance shall be governed by Islamic law. In order to ensure that Islamic law is given effect, the Kenyan Parliament passed the Kadhis’ Courts Act, which establishes Kadhis’ Courts in different parts of Kenya. Section 5 of the Kadhis’ Courts Act, based on Article 170(5) of the Constitution, provides for the jurisdiction of the Kadhis’ Courts:
A Kadhi's court shall have and exercise the following jurisdiction, namely the determination of questions of Muslim law relating to personal status, marriage, divorce or inheritance in proceedings in which all the parties profess the Muslim religion; but nothing in this section shall limit the jurisdiction of the High Court or of any subordinate court in any proceeding which comes before it.
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