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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 February 2022
Résumé
Le Code civil de la République populaire de Chine est entré en vigueur le 1er janvier 2021. La loi sur la mariage et la loi sur l’adoption, autrefois traitées de manière distincte, ont été compilées et combinées au sein du Livre V, « Le mariage et la famille », du Code civil. Cette intégration des lois relatives au mariage et à la famille dans le Code civil s’inscrit dans un mouvement général favorable à la population. Elle implique notamment d’harmoniser le style et la structure, ainsi que le nom et le contenu de la partie relative au mariage et à la famille avec les autres parties du Code civil; ces changements entraînant des abrogations, des modifications et l’ajout de régimes spécifiques. La partie du Code civil consacrée au mariage et à la famille, composée de 79 articles et cinq chapitres, reprend la plupart des dispositions de la loi sur le mariage et de la loi sur l’adoption, mais elle contient aussi des modifications et l’ajout de nouveaux éléments. La Cour populaire suprême de Chine a procédé à faire le ménage de centaines d’interprétations jurisprudentielles antérieures à la mise en oeuvre du Code civil afin de permettre une application cohérente des nouvelles et des anciennes lois. À l’avenir, les spécialistes du droit du mariage et de la famille s’attacheront principalement à interpréter et à appliquer correctement cette nouvelle partie du Code civil relative au mariage et à la famille.
FAMILY LAWS IN CHINA BEFORE THE CIVIL CODE
The Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China 1950 (hereinafter referred to as the Marriage Law 1950) was the first national law after the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. Regulating marriage and family relations, its independence from civil law could be attributed to, on the one hand, the tradition of separate legislation of marriage and family issues in the revolutionary base, and, on the other hand, the influence from the existence of separate legislation concerning marriage, family and guardianship issues in the former Soviet Union. The second Marriage Law was enacted in 1980, and continued the tradition of separate legislation. Adoption, as an institution closely related to marriage and family, was not codified until 1992, in the form of the Adoption Law.
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