Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

3.6.5 - Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

from Section 3.6 - Acute Respiratory Failure

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 July 2023

Edited by

Debashish Dutta and

Ned Gilbert-Kawai: Affiliation:
The Royal Liverpool Hospital
Debashish Dutta: Affiliation:
Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow
Carl Waldmann: Affiliation:
Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading

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Summary

Key Learning Points

1. Due to the diverse heterogeneity in its aetiology, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been described as a symptom, rather than a distinct pathology in its own right.
2. Conventionally, ARDS can be categorised as either pulmonary or non-pulmonary in origin.
3. The Berlin definition has redefined the diagnostic criteria.
4. The ARDS Network trial has helped to understand the condition and identified a modifiable approach to change the outcome.
5. Key to its management is adherence to volume- and pressure-limited lung-protective ventilation to minimise ventilator-associated lung injury.

Keywords

acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS Berlin definition ARDSNet

Type: Chapter
Information: Intensive Care Medicine
The Essential Guide
, pp. 234 - 237

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108989060 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2021

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References

References and Further Reading

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network; Brower, RG, Matthay, MA, Morris, A, et al. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1301–8.Google Scholar PubMed

Baig, S, Ahmad, S, Devogel, N, et al. Risk factors for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with pneumonia, a nationwide retrospective study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database from year 2002–2012. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016;193:A1826.Google Scholar

Bellani, G, Laffey, JG, Pham, T, et al. Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries. JAMA 2016;315:788–800.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Guérin, C, Reignier, J, Richard, J-C, et al. Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). N Engl J Med 2013;368:2159–68.Google Scholar

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network; Wiedemann, HP, Wheeler, AP, Bernard, GR, et al. Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2564–75.Google Scholar PubMed

Papazian, L, Forel, JM, Gacouin, A, et al. Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1107–16.Google Scholar

Ranieri, VM, Rubenfeld, GD, Thompson, BT, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition. JAMA 2012;307:2526–33.Google Scholar PubMed

Retamal, J, Libuy, J, Jiménez, M, et al. Preliminary study of ventilation with 4 ml/kg tidal volume in acute respiratory distress syndrome: feasibility and effects on cyclic recruitment – derecruitment and hyperinflation. Crit Care 2013;17:R16.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed