Book contents
- Intensification of Liquid–Liquid Processes
- Cambridge Series in Chemical Engineering
- Intensification of Liquid–Liquid Processes
- Copyright page
- Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Droplets and Dispersions
- 3 Mass Transfer
- 4 Membrane-Based and Emulsion-Based Intensifications
- 5 High Gravity Fields
- 6 Electrically Driven Intensification of Liquid–Liquid Processes
- 7 Intensification of Liquid–Liquid Coalescence
- 8 Ionic Liquid Solvents and Intensification
- 9 Liquid–Liquid Phase-Transfer Catalysis
- Index
- References
1 - Introduction
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Book contents
- Intensification of Liquid–Liquid Processes
- Cambridge Series in Chemical Engineering
- Intensification of Liquid–Liquid Processes
- Copyright page
- Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Droplets and Dispersions
- 3 Mass Transfer
- 4 Membrane-Based and Emulsion-Based Intensifications
- 5 High Gravity Fields
- 6 Electrically Driven Intensification of Liquid–Liquid Processes
- 7 Intensification of Liquid–Liquid Coalescence
- 8 Ionic Liquid Solvents and Intensification
- 9 Liquid–Liquid Phase-Transfer Catalysis
- Index
- References
Summary
The principles of process intensification and the positive impacts for process safety, economics, and the exploitation of novel chemistry are described. The nexus between process intensification and sustainability is explained. The role of novel solvents such as ionic liquids in process intensification is discussed. The principles of liquid–liquid contact and phase separation are described, followed by a review of current engineering technologies for liquid–liquid processes which embrace the principles of process intensification. A brief overview of state-of-the-art mixing technology for liquid–liquid systems and for mixer settlers precedes a summary of current column contactor types and rotary contactors. Established designs of column contactors are briefly reviewed. The chapter includes some description of industrial coalescence equipment, showing how the design of coalescence equipment has been improved to enhance performance. A final section dealing with recent oscillatory baffled contactor technology is included, demonstrating how they meet the criteria for process intensification.
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Intensification of Liquid–Liquid Processes , pp. 1 - 42Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2020
References
Baird, M. H. I. and Rao, N. V. R. (1995). Power dissipation and flow patterns in reciprocating baffle-plate columns. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 73(4), 417–425.Google Scholar
Baird, M. H. I. and Stonestreet, P. (1995). Energy dissipation in oscillatory flow within a baffled tube. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 73, 503–511.Google Scholar
Batey, W. and Thornton, J. D. (1989). Partial mass-transfer coefficients and packing performance in liquid-liquid extraction. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 28, 1096–1101.Google Scholar
Bezanehtak, K., Dehghani, F., and Foster, N. R. (2004). Vapor-liquid equilibrium for the carbon dioxide + hydrogen + methanol ternary system. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data, 49, 430–434.Google Scholar
Chew, C. M., Ristic, R. I., Dennehy, R. D., and De Yoreo, J. J. (2004). Crystallization of paracetamol under oscillatory flow mixing conditions. Crystal Growth & Design, 4(5), 1045–1052.Google Scholar
Cloutier, L. and Cholette, A. (1968). Effect of various parameters on level of mixing in continuous flow systems. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 46(2), 82–88.Google Scholar
Cusack, R. (2009). Rethink your liquid-liquid separations. Hydrocarbon Processing. June edition, 53–60.Google Scholar
Earle, M. J. and Seddon, K. R. (2000). Ionic liquids; Green solvents for the future. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 72(7), 1391–1398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, Y. and Qi, J. (2010). Lipase catalysis in ionic liquids/supercritical carbon dioxide and its applications. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 66, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaidhani, H. K., McNeil, B., and Ni, X. (2002). Production of pullulan using an oscillatory baffled bioreactor. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 78, 260–264.Google Scholar
Giralico, M. A., Post, T. A., and Preston, M. J. (1995). Improve the performance of your copper solvent extraction process by optimizing the design and operation of your pumper and auxiliary impellors. SME Annual Meeting (March 6–9), preprint number 95-189, Denver, Colorado.Google Scholar
Harvey, A. P. and Stonestreet, P. (2002). A mixing-based design methodology for continuous oscillatory flow reactors. Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, Part A, 80, 31–44.Google Scholar
Hert, D. G., Anderson, J. L., Aki, S. N. V. K., and Brennecke, J. F. (2005). Enhancement of oxygen and methane solubility in 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide using carbon dioxide. Chemical Communications, 20, 2603–2605.Google Scholar
Holbrey, J. D., Rooney, D., and Seddon, K. R. (1999). Use of ambient-temperature ionic liquids as reaction media for clean synthesis. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 218, U800–U800.Google Scholar
Jones, D. O. (1996). Process Intensification of Batch Exothermic Reactors. HSE Report Research Contract Report 105/1996. Health and Safety Executive, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Keskin, S., Kayrak-Talay, D., Akman, U., and Hortacsu, O. (2007). A review of ionic liquids towards supercritical fluid applications. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 43, 150–180.Google Scholar
Knez, Z., Markocic, E., Leitgeb, M., et al. (2014). Industrial applications of supercritical fluids: A review. Energy, 77, 235–243.Google Scholar
Logsdail, D. H. and Slater, M. J. (1993). Solvent Extraction in the Process Industries: ISEC 93. London and New York: SCI and Elsevier Applied Science.Google Scholar
Mignard, D., Lekhraj, P., Amin, L. P., and Ni, X. (2006). Determination of breakage rates of oil droplets in a continuous oscillatory baffled tube. Chemical Engineering Science, 61, 6902–6917.Google Scholar
Ni, X., Mackley, M. R., Harvey, A. P., et al. (2003). Mixing through oscillations and pulsations, a guide to achieving process enhancements in the Chemical and Process industries. Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, Part A 81, 373–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paljevac, M., Knez, Z., and Habulin, M. (2009). Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of (R,S)-1-phenylethanol in SC CO2 and in SC CO2/ionic liquid systems. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 56, 399–409.Google Scholar
Post, T. A. (2003). Scale-up of pumpers & mixers for solvent extraction. Proceedings of Hydrodmetallurgy 2003, Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium. The Minerals, Materials and Metals Society, Warrendale, PA, 1037–1052.Google Scholar
Qiu, Z., Zhao, L., and Weatherley, L. R. (2010). Process intensification technologies in continuous biodiesel production. Chemical Engineering & Processing: Process Intensification, 49(4), 323–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramshaw, C. (1999). Process intensification and green chemistry. Green Chemistry, February, G15–G17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skelland, A. H. P. and Ramsay, G. G. (1987). Minimum agitator speeds for complete liquid-liquid dispersion. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 26(1), 77–81.Google Scholar
Skelland, A. H. P. and Seksaria, R. (1978). Minimum impeller speeds for liquid–liquid dispersion in baffled vessels. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 17(1), 56–61.Google Scholar
Smith, K. B. (2000). The scale-up of oscillatory flow mixing. Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge University, UK.Google Scholar
Tsouris, C. and Porcelli, J. V. (2003). Process intensification – has its time finally come? Chemical Engineering Progress, October, 50–55.Google Scholar
Welton, T. (1999). Room-temperature ionic liquids. Solvents for synthesis and catalysis. Chemical Reviews, 99, 2071–2083.Google Scholar
Wilkes, J. S. (2004). Properties of ionic liquid solvents for catalysis. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 214, 11–17.Google Scholar