Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 February 2020
The organisations that make up our ‘Welfare State’ sit within a broader society that shapes their rules and arrangements, and the conscious and unconscious social pacts that allow them to function. In Chapter 1, we noted the spirit of cooperation that was around in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, and how this provided a value base and a fertile ground for implementing the Welfare State. Since then this communalism has been steadily encroached upon by individualism, consumerism and a shift towards ‘the market’. Living standards have risen, vastly more material goods are available, and the trauma of the War has receded: yet at the same time we are preoccupied with financial constraints, and the limitations of what may be provided. What type of changes have these shifts brought about in our civic institutions? What have the negative consequences been, and are these safely outweighed by the positive?
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