Figures
2.1Evolution of (a) patenting and (b) scientific publication concentration by few economies
2.2Innovation is more concentrated than other economic activities
2.3Share of patenting and scientific publishing in innovation-dense areas, by selected countries
2.4Population density does not ensure high innovation density
4.1Trend in U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) filings on “Unfair Imports”: Increases in IPR-related litigation in the United States
7.1Average years of schooling by gender, 2014 and 2018: Mexico, Brazil, and India
7.2Percentage of female graduates by STEM career categories, 2017
7.3Number of researchers by gender in Mexico and Brazil, 1996–2000 and 2011–2015 (thousands of researchers)
7.4India: Evolution of USPTO patents granted (total and those having at least one woman inventor), 1997–2010
7.5Mexico: Evolution of USPTO patents granted (total and those having at least one woman inventor), 1980–2015
7.6Brazil: Evolution of USPTO patents granted (total and those having at least one woman inventor), 1997–2013
7.7Distribution of women in patent assignee type and by technological field in Mexico, Brazil, and India (by percent)
7A.1GDI of Mexico, Brazil, and China vis-à-vis different country groups
10.1Period of adoption of intellectual property as a fundamental constitutional right
10.3Textual ranking of constitutions with intellectual property as a fundamental right
10.4Average of textual ranking for developing and developed countries
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