This chapter summarizes the findings from this book and develops the framework for the analysis of under-the-radar innovation and its nature, sources and impact, as well as the policy implications from the research. It argues that Africa cannot leapfrog the 4th Industrial Revolution with the under-the-radar type of innovation. Therefore, policy responses at the national and international levels are needed to address these challenges and to build an inclusive global community. Limitations of the study and areas for future research are discussed at the end of the chapter.