Evolutionary Dynamics of <span class='italic'>Daphnia</span> and Their Microparasites

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511546259.010

9 - Evolutionary Dynamics of Daphnia and Their Microparasites

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 August 2009

Tom Little and

Dieter Ebert

Edited by

Krishna R. Dronamraju

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Tom Little: Affiliation:
Institute for Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
Dieter Ebert: Affiliation:
Université de Fribourg, Departement de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
Krishna R. Dronamraju: Affiliation:
Foundation for Genetic Research, Houston, Texas

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INTRODUCTION

Haldane (1949) was one of the first to speculate that the genetic outcome of parasitic interactions may have profound implications, in particular, that frequency-dependent selection on host and parasite polymorphisms can maintain genetic variation and promote sexual reproduction. Much theoretical work since then has supported his early insights: dynamic genetic polymorphisms or arms races are a common outcome of computer simulations of host–parasite coevolution. Recent theory now prompts us to ask precise questions about parasite-associated dynamics: Do host and parasite alleles cycle with regularity or as bursts followed by long periods of stasis? Do arms races result from directional selection on mutational input or does selection maintain alleles to antiquity (Hill et al., 1992; Hughes and Nei, 1992; Stahl et al., 1999)? The other major line of theory on host–parasite interactions, also foreshadowed by Haldane, concerns the evolution of virulence (the damage to the host caused by parasites), and this work has now developed explicit predictions concerning the conditions under which parasites ought to evolve towards doing greater or less harm to their hosts (Anderson and May, 1982; Ewald, 1983).

Probing these questions and predictions will shed light on the evolutionary significance of parasitism as envisioned by Haldane (1949) and others, because the exact tempo, mode, and outcome of selection matter if we are to properly evaluate the evolutionary significance of parasitism. However, empirical evidence lags behind theory, and it remains uncertain just how widespread and strong is genetic change associated with parasitic interactions in the wild.

Type: Chapter
Information: Infectious Disease and Host-Pathogen Evolution , pp. 222 - 240

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546259.010 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2004

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9 - Evolutionary Dynamics of Daphnia and Their Microparasites

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