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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 January 2010
Only those bodies which are absolutely hard are exactly reflected according to these rules. Now the bodies here amongst us (being an aggregate of smaller bodies) have a relenting softnesse and springynesse, which makes their contact be for some time and in more points than one. And the touching surfaces during the time of contact doe slide one upon another more or lesse or not at all according to their roughnesse. And few or none of these bodyes have a springynesse soe strong as to force them one from another with the same vigor that they came together.
Isaac Newton, Laws of Motion Paper, MS. Add 3958, Cambridge University.In practice the bodies that are colliding are composed of elastic, elastic–plastic or viscoplastic materials, so that the large contact forces acting during a collision induce both local deformations near the contact point and global deformations (vibrations) of the entire body. This chapter focuses on the local deformations in a contact region that can be represented as an elastic–perfectly plastic solid; the additional effect of global deformations will be introduced in Chapter 7.
For collisions between hard bodies, the analysis of changes in velocity during collision is simplified by assuming that the initial point of contact is surrounded by an infinitesimally small deforming region. For other purposes, however, it is necessary to consider deformations in the small region surrounding a finite area of contact.
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