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Epilogue

The Song Remains the Same

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2013

Jeffrey Lesser
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
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Summary

New Policies for a New Era

Brazil changed markedly between the Great Depression and the end of World War II. Coffee, the driver of the economy since the late nineteenth century, declined as prices and market percentage dropped. Coffee plantations in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro were abandoned, divided, or sold. Brazil’s fazendas, run for centuries as family fiefdoms, often became the property of large corporations that began to harvest products like soybeans and sugarcane for local and international markets.

The changes in agricultural production, new infusions of international capital, and increasing orientation to export led to industrial growth. Some plantation owners had begun investing in factories in the nineteenth century and that trend continued. Numerous immigrants and their descendants did the same. By end of the twentieth century, industrial Brazil was producing everything from automobiles to airplanes.

Immigration patterns also changed in the years surrounding World War II. From 1942 to 1945, most ports were closed to passenger traffic and transoceanic travel became increasingly dangerous. In the United States, new permanent resident permits dropped below thirty thousand per year (during the previous forty years the average had been almost half a million per year, with many single years reaching over a million). Argentina’s numbers also dropped substantially. The decline was most dramatic in Brazil. Immigrant entries virtually stopped, falling below two thousand per year.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

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References

U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2009 (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, 2010)Google Scholar
Regulation of the Conselho de Imigração e Colonização, March 12, 1948 (revised April 30, 1948) in Brazil, Ministério da Justiça e Negócios Interiores, Estrangeiros: Legislação, 1940–1949 (Rio de Janeiro: Serviço de Documentação, 1950)
Paulo, Heloisa, Aqui Também é Portugal: A Colônia Portuguesa do Brasil e o Salazarismo (Lisbon: Quatreto, 2000)Google Scholar
Rocha, Cristina, Zen in Brazil: The Quest for Cosmopolitan Modernity (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2006)Google Scholar
Gonzalez, Nancie L., Dollar, Dove, and Eagle: One Hundred Years of Palestinian Migration to Honduras (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tofik Karam, John, Another Arabesque: Syrian-Lebanese Ethnicity in Neoliberal Brazil (Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 2007)Google Scholar
Buechler, Simone, “Sweating It in the Brazilian Garment Industry: Korean and Bolivian Immigrants and Global Economic Forces in São Paulo,” Latin American Perspectives 31: 3 (May 2004), 99–119CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, Arnd, Futures Lost: Nostalgia and Identity among Italian Immigrants in Argentina (Oxford: Peter Lang, 2000)Google Scholar
Margolis, Maxine L., An Invisible Minority: Brazilians in New York City (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2009)Google Scholar

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  • Epilogue
  • Jeffrey Lesser, Emory University, Atlanta
  • Book: Immigration, Ethnicity, and National Identity in Brazil, 1808 to the Present
  • Online publication: 05 February 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139026796.007
Available formats
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  • Epilogue
  • Jeffrey Lesser, Emory University, Atlanta
  • Book: Immigration, Ethnicity, and National Identity in Brazil, 1808 to the Present
  • Online publication: 05 February 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139026796.007
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Epilogue
  • Jeffrey Lesser, Emory University, Atlanta
  • Book: Immigration, Ethnicity, and National Identity in Brazil, 1808 to the Present
  • Online publication: 05 February 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139026796.007
Available formats
×