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11 - Groundwater modelling in hard-rock terrain in semi-arid areas: experience from India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2009

By
S. Ahmed ,
J.-C. Maréchal ,
E. Ledoux  and
G. de Marsily
Edited by
Howard Wheater ,
Soroosh Sorooshian  and
K. D. Sharma
S. Ahmed
Affiliation:
National Geophysical Research Institute, Indo-French Centre for Groundwater Research, Hyderabad, India
J.-C. Maréchal
Affiliation:
Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Miniéres, Montpellier, France
E. Ledoux
Affiliation:
Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, UMR CNRS Sisyphe, Fontainebleau, France
G. de Marsily
Affiliation:
Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, UMR CNRS Sisyphe, Paris, France
Howard Wheater
Affiliation:
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London
Soroosh Sorooshian
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
K. D. Sharma
Affiliation:
National Institute of Hydrology, India
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Across the world, the concern for water resources is growing as a result of population growth, climate change, and alarming signs that in some areas of the world, groundwater resources are being depleted at an unsustainable rate. This has prompted a re-examination of the world's water resources and the relationship between water and the environment. According to a United Nations survey, scarcity of fresh water is, in some areas, considered to be the world's most pressing concern (UN, 1987; El-Shibini and El-Kady, 2002). In many countries, to meet the increased demand for water, groundwater resources must be tapped. However, to ensure sustainability, much greater emphasis must be put on groundwater management than on exploration for new groundwater resources, as most productive aquifers have already been identified. Groundwater is particularly important in arid and semi-arid regions that lack perennial sources of surface water due to low rainfall and high evapotranspiration. This article focuses on groundwater management in hard-rock areas in semi-arid climates, where aquifers exist in the upper weathered-fissured section of the system; these aquifers receive little recharge, and have different and more complex characteristics than in classical sedimentary media. Specialized techniques are thus required to characterize and manage them.

Groundwater modelling has produced answers to many difficult questions that arise in the course of hydrogeological investigations. At present, it has become an indispensable tool in understanding and effectively managing aquifer systems.

Type
Chapter
Information
Hydrological Modelling in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas , pp. 157 - 190
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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