The conclusion summarizes the findings of every chapter with a view to bolstering the book’s main contention, namely, that early Franciscan thought on human nature is chiefly indebted to Islamic and Jewish sources originally written in Arabic rather than to Augustine. As the chapter re-iterates, the early Franciscan invocation of pseudo-Augustinian sources was part of a strategy for legitimizing the use of those newer philosophical sources. These in turn aided them in the construction of a unique tradition of philosophical thought, which accorded with the theological values of the Franciscan religious order.