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47 - HHV-6A, 6B, and 7: molecular basis of latency and reactivation

from Part III - Pathogenesis, clinical disease, host response, and epidemiology: HHV- 6A, 6B, and 7

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Kazuhiro Kondo  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Kazuhiro Kondo
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Introduction

The human β-herpesvirus subfamily consists of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7). HHV-6 and HHV-7 belong to the Roseolovirus genus of the β-herpesviruses, and the HHV-6 species are divided into two variants: HHV-6A and HHV-6B. These viruses establish a lifelong infection of their host, reactivate frequently, and reactivated viruses are shed into the saliva (Jordan, 1983; Krueger et al., 1990). Some evidence suggests that the molecular mechanisms of viral latency and reactivation are shared among these viruses. HHV-6B is reactivated from latency after coinfection with HHV-7 (Katsafanas et al., 1996), and HCMV disease is frequently associated with concurrent HHV-6 and HHV-7 reactivation in transplant patients (Lautenschlager et al., 2000; Mendez et al., 2001)

The sites of these viruses during latency are not completely defined. For HHV-6B, viral DNA is detected predominantly in the peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages of seropositive healthy adults (Kondo et al., 1991). Furthermore, primary cultured macrophages support latent HHV-6B infection, and viral reactivation is induced in them by treatment with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (Kondo et al., 1991). HHV-6B also establishes latency in myeloid cell lines (Yasukawa et al., 1999), and that HHV-6B is detectable in CD34 (+) peripheral blood progenitor cells (Luppi et al., 1999). Therefore, HHV-6B appears to establish latency in hematopoietic progenitor cells.

HHV-6A is detectable in the peripheral blood of seropositive adults (Drobyski et al., 1993); however, a cell population that might harbor latent HHV-6A has not been identified.

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 843 - 849
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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