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72 - Epstein–Barr virus vaccines

from Part VII - Vaccines and immunothgerapy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Andrew J. Morgan  and
Rajiv Khanna
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Andrew J. Morgan
Affiliation:
Division of Virology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
Rajiv Khanna
Affiliation:
Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Queensland Institute for Medical Research, Herston, Australia
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Introduction

Primates and their γ-herpesviruses enjoy a largely peaceful coexistence where a balance of power has been reached over evolutionary time. Coevolution probably began before primate speciation and has allowed these viruses to develop sophisticated systems for the evasion of host immune responses. As a consequence, herpesvirus vaccines have been especially difficult to design because of viral latency, persistence, and immune modulation. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) persists for the life of the individual in the face of a range of antibody responses, some of which are virus-neutralizing in vitro and a multitude of cell-mediated responses, including viral-specific CD8+ T-cells, CD4+ T-cells and NK cells. At least 95% of the adult population is infected with EBV and, for the vast majority, there are no clinical consequences whatsoever and an asymptomatic carrier state is maintained. It is not clear whether advantages are conferred to humans by lifelong EBV infection, but it is possible that some immunological effects, such as bias of the T-cell receptor repertoire are provided on a population-wide basis. Whether unselective mass vaccination of healthy individuals to prevent or modify EBV infection may cause more problems than it would solve must be considered.

M. A. Epstein first put forward ideas on the development of EBV vaccines in 1976. These original proposals were based on the notion that vaccination might prevent EBV infection and break the link in the complex chains of events that lead to EBV-associated disease.

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 1292 - 1305
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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