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11 - Envelopment of HSV nucleocapsids at the inner nuclear membrane

from Part II - Basic virology and viral gene effects on host cell functions: alphaherpesviruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Joel D. Baines
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Joel D. Baines
Affiliation:
Cornell University Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ithaca, NY, USA
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Introduction

As in all herpesviruses, Herpes simplex nucleocapsids assembled in the nucleoplasm obtain an initial envelope by budding through the inner nuclear membrane of infected cells. This chapter will focus on the proteins responsible for nucleocapsid budding in the herpes simplex virus system. Of interest is the observation that orthologs of at least the UL31 and UL34 genes of herpes simplex virus genes likely mediate similar functions in members of both the beta- and gamma herpesvirinae (Muranyi et al., 2002; Gonnella et al., 2005). Thus, it is expected that this information will be relevant to the study of nucleocapsid envelopment of all herpesviruses.

Anatomy of the nuclear membrane: it's all connected

The nuclear envelope consists of two leaflets: the inner leaflet or inner nuclear membrane (INM) partitions the nucleoplasm from the lumen of the nuclear envelope, whereas the outer leaflet (ONM) contacts the cytoplasm. The space between the leaflets is ultimately continuous with the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Both leaflets are continuous with the nuclear pore membrane that serves as an anchoring point for nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which serve as conduits to mediate protein and RNA transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

The nuclear lamina lines the inner surface of the INM and is maintained in this orientation by interaction with both chromatin in the nucleoplasm, and integral membrane proteins specifically concentrated in the INM. How proteins are targeted to the INM has been the focus of active research for several years (Ellenberg et al., 1997; Ostlund et al., 1999; Soullam and Worman, 1993).

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 144 - 150
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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