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8 - Early events pre-initiation of alphaherpes viral gene expression

from Part II - Basic virology and viral gene effects on host cell functions: alphaherpesviruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Thomas M. Kristie
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Thomas M. Kristie
Affiliation:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

The regulated transcription of the HSV IE (immediate–early, α) genes has been a model system for elucidating principles and mechanisms of combinatorial-differential regulation, basic RNAPII -directed transcription, and multiprotein assembly specificities. The regulation exemplifies viral mechanisms dedicated to the recruitment of cellular components into complex viral–host interactions that illustrate general parameters of protein–protein, DNA –protein, RNA transcription, and protein complex assembly. Continued studies hold promise of advancing the understanding of the complexities of biochemical interactions in gene expression as well as complex cellular response pathways. The regulation of the IE genes within specific contexts may also lead to the understanding of signals and pathways which modulate viral infection and determine the extent of lytic-latent infection. While HSV has been extensively studied and will represent the focus of this review, the regulatory domain of the VZV IE gene (IE62) contains similar elements and is regulated by similar mechanisms.

The HSV IE regulatory domains: multiple sites for differential regulation

The regulatory domains of the HSV IE genes have been the focus of numerous studies that have defined the sequence elements and their contributions to the basal and induced levels of transcription. These IE domains typically consist of a reiterated inducible enhancer core element (consensus: TAATGARAT) that is flanked by binding sites for members of the ets and kruppel transcription family (Fig. 8.1, left) (Roizman and Sears, 1996; Vogel and Kristie, 2001).

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 112 - 127
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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