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19 - CMV DNA synthesis and late viral gene expression

from Part II - Basic virology and viral gene effects on host cell functions: betaherpesviruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
David G. Anders ,
Julie A. Kerry  and
Gregory S. Pari
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
David G. Anders
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH, Albany, NY, USA
Julie A. Kerry
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
Gregory S. Pari
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV, USA
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Overview

Much of the current understanding of betaherpesvirus DNA synthesis is based on studies with the cytomegaloviruses and is further shaped by comparison with prototypic alpha- and gammaherpesviruses. As for all herpesviruses, betaherpesvirus DNA synthesis occurs in the nucleus and relies on a core set of virus-coded proteins composing the replication fork machinery (detailed later) working together with trans-acting functions that promote initiation on a genetically defined, cis-acting replicator, called oriLyt. DNA synthesis initiates in the vicinity of oriLyt as soon as essential virus coded proteins appear, producing high molecular weight replication intermediates whose structure has not been fully characterized. Onset of viral DNA synthesis licenses transcription of a subset of the late class of viral genes, many of which encode proteins that assemble and constitute the complex virion. Subsequently, replication intermediates are resolved, and the progeny genomes are packaged into preformed capsids and mature ends are formed by the encapsidation machinery. Because these replication functions are essential for viral replication and pathogenesis, and differ from host counterparts, they have been candidate targets for the development of antiviral drugs. Moreover, further study of DNA replication and encapsidation may provide new insights about cellular components that contribute to these processes. Our goals in this chapter are to provide an up-to-date summary of betaherpesvirus lytic-phase replication machinery, to highlight emerging contrasts to other herpesviruses, and to consider how DNA synthesis-dependent late gene expression is regulated.

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 295 - 310
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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