Carnivore guilds and the impact of hominin dispersals

doi:10.1017/9781316686942.003

2 - Carnivore guilds and the impact of hominin dispersals

from II - Origins: Species Movements in the Pleistocene

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 May 2017

Edited by

Rémy Crassard and

Margaret E. Lewis: Affiliation:
Stockton University
Nicole Boivin: Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena
Rémy Crassard: Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lyon
Michael Petraglia: Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena

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Summary

Abstract

The ecological impact that our species has today on other carnivorous species can be traced back to long before the origins of Homo sapiens. Carnivorans have had a great impact on hominin behavior, ecology, and evolution due to the complexity of our ecological interrelationships. This chapter examines the possible ecological impacts that hominins had on carnivorans and vice versa through time, with a focus on eastern Africa and southern Europe due to the large number of studies of those regions. Changes in hominin behavior and ecology and successive waves of hominin dispersals out of Africa occurred, but not all had the same impact on carnivorans. At various times in both Africa and Eurasia, the extinction of larger carnivorans may have provided niche space that dispersing hominins could expand into. At other times, hominins may have played a role in local extinctions. Climate change or instability also played an important role in the evolution, extinction, and dispersal of hominin and carnivoran species. In both Africa and Eurasia, carnivoran generalists fared better than specialists. Carnivoran populations may have survived in Africa because they evolved alongside Homo sapiens while their conspecifics and congeners in Eurasia went extinct after the arrival of Homo sapiens in those areas.

Keywords: Carnivore guild structure, Carnivora, hominin dispersal, extinction, hominin dietary behavior, human–carnivore interactions

INTRODUCTION

Humans and carnivores have had a long, eventful, and intertwined history. Since our lineage split from that of chimpanzees, modern humans and our ancestors have been both prey and competitors, impacting other carnivores directly and indirectly via our actions. As such, studying our place within the carnivore guild today and in the past is critical for understanding not only how we came to be, but also why we see so few carnivores today, even in areas that seem to the untrained eye to be vast, pristine, or semipristine wilderness. As noted in the Introduction to this volume by Boivin, there is ample evidence that even the most seemingly pristine regions of the world have been altered or even managed by Homo sapiens for thousands of years. For simplicity's sake, this chapter will be restricted to an examination of the mammalian portion of the carnivore guild. To distinguish between carnivorous mammals in general and members of the order Carnivora, the terms “carnivore” and “carnivoran” will be used, respectively. (See Text Box 2.1 for a glossary of additional terms used in this chapter.)

Type: Chapter
Information: Human Dispersal and Species Movement
From Prehistory to the Present
, pp. 29 - 61

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316686942.003 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2017

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