This chapter reviews the current status of assisted reproduction techniques in the light of the best evidence available. In order to optimize the results of assisted reproduction, various laboratory modifications have been suggested. These include performing Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) rather than in vitro fertilization (IVF) for all oocytes, using co-culturing techniques, assisted hatching techniques, as well as selecting the embryos with the best potential for implantation based on their morphology, their metabolism, or by prolonging their culture in vitro to the blastocyst stage. Embryo transfer (ET) is arguably the most critical step in assisted reproduction and the least successful. Various attempts have been made to improve endometrial receptivity in order to increase the clinical outcome of IVF and ICSI. These include various regimens of luteal support, the use of corticosteroids, the removal of hydrosalpinges, diminishing uterine contractions as well as enhancing the endometrial blood flow.