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20 - Tidal Wetlands of the Hudson River Estuary

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 January 2010

By
Erik Kiviat ,
Stuart E. G. Findlay  and
W. Charles Nieder
Edited by
Jeffrey S. Levinton  and
John R. Waldman
Erik Kiviat
Affiliation:
Hudsonia Ltd.
Stuart E. G. Findlay
Affiliation:
Institute of Ecosystem Studies
W. Charles Nieder
Affiliation:
Hudson River NERR/New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Jeffrey S. Levinton
Affiliation:
State University of New York, Stony Brook
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Summary

abstract There are about 2,900 ha of tidal wetlands in the Hudson River. Tidal flow between wetlands and the “main river” moves sediment, nutrients, organic matter, and organisms in and out of the wetlands. Sediment deposition rates in the tidal wetlands are about 0.05–2.9 cm yr−1. In wetlands separated from the main river by a railroad, scoured pools remain just inside the openings and large tidal creeks radiate into the gradually-filling landward part of the wetland. Although large areas of the estuary have been filled, there has been a net gain of wetland area. Sediments, vegetation, animal communities, and ecosystem functions may be different in the railroad-sheltered wetlands and the wetlands on sandy dredged material than they were in unaltered wetlands. In Hudson River tidal wetlands, the elevation gradient, from near Mean Low Water through the intertidal zone to near Mean High Water, is correlated with increases in sediment organic matter (SOM), plant litter cover and litter mass, and aboveground peak biomass, height, and species richness of vascular plants. Among different marshes, SOM is correlated with abundance and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates and fish species richness. Tidal waters are the main source of nitrogen for the marshes, whereas phosphorus appears to come from upland tributaries or decay of organic matter in sediments. The lower intertidal zone is nearly bare of vascular vegetation in the more brackish and the more sandy wetlands; in silty freshwater tidal wetlands this zone is occupied by spatterdock and pickerelweed. The middle intertidal zone is occupied by saltmarsh cordgrass in the most brackish marsh, but by a mixture of many broadleaf and grasslike plants in lower salinity wetlands.

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The Hudson River Estuary , pp. 279 - 295
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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