Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 April 2012
THE EVANGELICAL AWAKENING
In 1744 a British soldier, Sampson Staniforth, had a religious experience while on guard duty during a military campaign in Flanders:
As soon as I was alone, I kneeled down, and determined not to rise, but to continue crying and wrestling with God, till He had mercy on me. How long I was in that agony I cannot tell; but as I looked up to heaven I saw the clouds open exceedingly bright, and I saw Jesus hanging on the cross. At the same moment these words were applied to my heart, ‘Thy sins are forgiven thee’. My chains fell off; my heart was free. All guilt was gone, and my soul was filled with unutterable peace. I loved God and all mankind, and the fear of death and hell was vanished away. I was filled with wonder and astonishment.
Staniforth's words describe two chief features of Evangelicalism, a movement that swept through Protestantism in the eighteenth century: the sense of being justified, in other words that one's sins had been forgiven through the atoning death of Christ, and secondly that one's human nature had been renewed at the time of conversion, through a ‘new birth’. Evangelicals, reaffirming traditional Protestant trust in the Bible, believed that all spiritual truth was to be found in its pages; and they felt an urgent sense of mission to spread this truth to those lacking it.
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