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VI - Xenophanes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 March 2025

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Summary

This is the way to speak around the fire

In winter, on a soft couch, belly full,

Drinking sweet wine, and crunching hazelnuts:

‘Now tell us, sir, your name and home and age.

How old were you the year the Mede appeared?* (fr. 22)

Now is the floor swept, hands and cups washed clean;

Fresh-woven garlands crown our heads, and now

The fragrant unguent-bottle makes its rounds.

The bowl stands waiting brimful of good cheer,

And here's another wine that will not fail—

Soft-tasting, flower-scented in its jars.

Incense distils the scent of holiness,

And there is water, cold and sweet and clean.

See the brown loaves, and on a worthy table

A load of cheeses and rich honey lies.

As centre-piece an altar, thickly strewn

With flowers. Song and revel fill the hall.

First it is meet for righteous men to hymn,

With pious stories and pure words, the god.

Then, due libations paid, with prayers for strength

To act aright (our plainest duty this),

It is no sin to drink—so much, that all

Not weak from age may come safe home alone.

Praise him who after drinking can relate

Fine deeds, as memory serves and lust for good.

Give us no fights with Titans, no nor Giants

Nor Centaurs, which our fathers falsely told,

Nor civil brawls, in which no profit is.

But to be mindful of the gods is good. (fr. 1)

It may well be asked why the writer of these cheerful lines is to be included among the philosophers. The first quotation recalls a scene familiar to travellers in Greek lands from the time of the Odyssey to our own. All possible personal information is to be extracted from the stranger, but the duties of hospitality come first. Only when he is fed, over the nuts and wine, is it proper for the questions to begin. The second sets the scene in vivid detail for a typical symposium, at which the Greek would always give the gods first place, and liked to mingle serious and elevating conversation with the entertainment of song and dance that was also provided. This poem conforms to a type, and what is laid down in the latter part scarcely goes beyond the limits of conventional piety.

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A History of Greek Philosophy
Volume 1: The Earlier Presocratics and the Pythagoreans
, pp. 360 - 402
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1962

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  • Xenophanes
  • W. K. C. Guthrie
  • Book: A History of Greek Philosophy
  • Online publication: 13 March 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511518409.008
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  • Xenophanes
  • W. K. C. Guthrie
  • Book: A History of Greek Philosophy
  • Online publication: 13 March 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511518409.008
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Xenophanes
  • W. K. C. Guthrie
  • Book: A History of Greek Philosophy
  • Online publication: 13 March 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511518409.008
Available formats
×