Book contents
- Heroes to Hostages
- The Global Middle East
- Heroes to Hostages
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- A Note on Transliteration
- Introduction Heroes or Hostages
- Part I Uncertain Overtures (1796–1914)
- Part II Desultory Modernities (1914–1941)
- Part III Cataclysms (1941–1963)
- 7 From Culture Wars to a World War
- 8 Subverting Sovereignty
- 9 Roots of Revenge
- Part IV A Troubled Middle East (1960–1979)
- Part V The Schism (1978–1988)
- Bibliography
- Index
9 - Roots of Revenge
Cultural Flux and Specters of Violence, 1954–1965
from Part III - Cataclysms (1941–1963)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 August 2023
- Heroes to Hostages
- The Global Middle East
- Heroes to Hostages
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- A Note on Transliteration
- Introduction Heroes or Hostages
- Part I Uncertain Overtures (1796–1914)
- Part II Desultory Modernities (1914–1941)
- Part III Cataclysms (1941–1963)
- 7 From Culture Wars to a World War
- 8 Subverting Sovereignty
- 9 Roots of Revenge
- Part IV A Troubled Middle East (1960–1979)
- Part V The Schism (1978–1988)
- Bibliography
- Index
Summary
As Iran and the shah adjusted to life after the coup, the monarch tried to solidify his ties to the United States. This entailed military support from America and Iran’s renewed commitment to the US side in the Cold War. Iran created an internal security force, SAVAK, trained in part by America. The shah clamped down on Communist activities and confronted rising Islamic dissent with violence. At the same, the Shah pursued social programs and launched the White Revolution, which America supported. However, its platform, especially women’s suffrage and land reform, triggered widespread opposition. Ayatollah Khomeini emerged as the leader of Islamist dissent in 1963 and was eventually exiled. America and Iran had to brace themselves for the fallout of these events.
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- Heroes to HostagesAmerica and Iran, 1800–1988, pp. 221 - 238Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2023