Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T04:51:30.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

20 - Emotion

from Topical Psychophysiology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2017

By
Robert W. Levenson ,
Sandy J. Lwi ,
Casey L. Brown ,
Brett Q. Ford ,
Marcela C. Otero  and
Alice Verstaen
Edited by
John T. Cacioppo ,
Louis G. Tassinary  and
Gary G. Berntson
John T. Cacioppo
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Louis G. Tassinary
Affiliation:
Texas A & M University
Gary G. Berntson
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Handbook of Psychophysiology , pp. 444 - 464
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adelman, S., Taylor, C. R., & Heglund, N. C. (1975). Sweating on paws and palms: what is its function? American Journal of Physiology, 229: 1400–1402.Google Scholar
Akselrod, S., Gordon, D., Ubel, F. A., Shannon, D. C., Berger, A. C., & Cohen, R.J. (1981). Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: a quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control. Science, 213: 220–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allen, J. (2007). Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiological measurement. Physiological Measurement, 28: R1–R39.Google Scholar
Allen, J. J., Chambers, A. S., & Towers, D. N. (2007). The many metrics of cardiac chronotropy: a pragmatic primer and a brief comparison of metrics. Biological Psychology, 74: 243–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amodio, D. M., Harmon-Jones, E., & Devine, P. G. (2003). Individual differences in the activation and control of affective race bias as assessed by startle eyeblink response and self-report. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84: 738–753.Google Scholar
Andersson, K.-E. & Wagner, G. (1995). Physiology of penile erection. Physiological Reviews, 75: 191–236.Google Scholar
Angyal, A. (1941). Disgust and related aversions. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 36: 393–412.Google Scholar
Arnold, M. B. (1960). Emotion and Personality. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Averill, J. R. (1969). Autonomic response patterns during sadness and mirth. Psychophysiology, 5: 399–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ax, A. F. (1953). The physiological differentiation between fear and anger in humans. Psychosomatic Medicine, 15: 433–442.Google Scholar
Bain, A. R., Deren, T. M., & Jay, O. (2011). Describing individual variation in local sweating during exercise in a temperate environment. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111: 1599–1607.Google Scholar
Baldaro, B., Battacchi, M. W., Codispoti, M., Tuozzi, G., Trombini, G., Bolazni, R., & Palomba, D. (1996). Modifications of electrogastrographic activity during the viewing of brief film sequences. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82: 1243–1250.Google Scholar
Barrett, L. F. (2006). Are emotions natural kinds? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1: 28–58.Google Scholar
Barrett, L. F. (2009). The future of psychology: connecting mind to brain. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4: 326–339.Google Scholar
Barrett, L. F. & Simmons, W. K. (2015). Interoceptive predictions in the brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16: 419–429.Google Scholar
Beatty, J. (1982). Task-evoked pupillary responses, processing load, and the structure of processing resources. Psychological Bulletin, 91: 276–292.Google Scholar
Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R. (1997). Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy. Science, 275: 1293–1294.Google Scholar
Benedek, M. & Kaernbach, C. (2011). Physiological correlates and emotional specificity of human piloerection. Biological Psychology, 86: 320–329.Google Scholar
Benedek, M., Wilfling, B., Lukas-Wolfbauer, R., Katzur, B. H., & Kaernbach, C. (2010). Objective and continuous measurement of piloerection. Psychophysiology, 47: 989–993.Google Scholar
Bergdahl, M. & Bergdahl, J. (2000). Low unstimulated salivary flow and subjective oral dryness: association with medication, anxiety, depression, and stress. Journal of Dental Research, 79: 1652–1658.Google Scholar
Berntson, G. G., Bigger, J. T., Eckberg, D. L., Grossman, P., Kaufmann, P. G., Malik, M., Nagaraja, H. N., Porges, S. W., Saul, J. P., Stone, P. H., & van Der Molen, M. W. (1997). Heart rate variability: origins, methods, and interpretive caveats. Psychophysiology, 34: 623–648.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berntson, G. G., Cacioppo, J. T., & Quigley, K. S. (1993a). Cardiac psychophysiology and autonomic space in humans: empirical perspectives and conceptual implications. Psychological Bulletin, 114: 296–322.Google Scholar
Berntson, G. G., Cacioppo, J. T., & Quigley, K. S. (1993b). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: autonomic origins, physiological mechanisms, and psychophysiological implications. Psychophysiology, 30: 183–196.Google Scholar
Berntson, G. G., Norman, G. J., Bechara, A., Bruss, J., Tranel, D., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011). The insula and evaluative processes. Psychological Science, 22: 80–86.Google Scholar
Bindra, D. (1972). Weeping: a problem of many facets. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 25: 281–284.Google Scholar
Blascovich, J., Mendes, W. B., Hunter, S. B., Lickel, B., & Kowai-Bell, N. (2001). Perceiver threat in social interactions with stigmatized others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80: 253–267.Google Scholar
Blascovich, J., Mendes, W. B., Hunter, S. B., & Salomon, K. (1999). Social facilitation as challenge and threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77: 68–77.Google Scholar
Blascovich, J. & Tomaka, J. (1996). The biopsychosocial model of arousal regulation. In Zanna, M. (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 28 (pp. 1–51). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Blumenthal, T. D., Cuthbert, B. N., Filion, D. L., Hackley, S., Lipp, O. V., & van Boxtel, A. (2005). Committee report. Guidelines for human startle eyeblink electromyographic studies. Psychophysiology, 42: 1–15.Google Scholar
Bosch, N. M., Riese, H., Reijneveld, S. A., Bakker, M. P., Verhulst, F. C., Ormel, J., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2012). Timing matters: long term effects of adversities from prenatal period up to adolescence on adolescents’ cortisol stress response. The TRAILS study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37: 1439–1447.Google Scholar
Boucher, J. D. & Ekman, P. (1975). Facial areas and emotional information. Journal of Communication, 25: 21–29.Google Scholar
Boucsein, W., Fowles, D., Grimnes, S., Ben-Shakhar, G., Roth, W., Dawson, M., & Filion, D. (2012). Society for Psychophysiological Research Ad Hoc Committee on Electrodermal Measures: publication recommendations for electrodermal measurements. Psychophysiology, 49: 1017–1034.Google Scholar
Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation: defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion, 1: 276–298.Google Scholar
Bradley, M. M. & Lang, P. J. (2000). Affective reactions to acoustic stimuli. Psychophysiology, 37: 204–215.Google Scholar
Bradley, M. M., Miccoli, L., Escrig, M. A., & Lang, P. J. (2008). The pupil as a measure of emotional arousal and autonomic activation. Psychophysiology, 45: 602–607.Google Scholar
Brenner, S. L., Beauchaine, T. P., & Sylvers, P. D. (2005). A comparison of psychophysiological and self-report measures of BAS and BIS activation. Psychophysiology, 42: 108–115.Google Scholar
Brown, C. C. (1970). The parotid puzzle: a review of the literature on human salivation and its applications to psychophysiology. Psychophysiology, 7: 66–85.Google Scholar
Butler, E. A., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2006). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, emotion, and emotion regulation during social interaction. Psychophysiology, 43: 612–622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cacioppo, J. T., Berntson, G. G., Larsen, J. T., Poehlmann, K. M., & Ito, T. A. (2000). The Psychophysiology of Emotion. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Cacioppo, J. T. & Tassinary, L. G. (1990). Inferring psychological significance from physiological signals. American Psychologist, 45: 16–28.Google Scholar
Campos, J. J., Mumme, D. L., Kermoian, R., & Campos, R. G. (1994). A functionalist perspective on the nature of emotion. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59: 284–303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cannon, W. B. (1932). The Wisdom of the Body. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S. & Harmon-Jones, E. (2009). Anger is an approach-related affect: evidence and implications. Psychological Bulletin, 135: 183–204.Google Scholar
Castelfranchi, C. & Poggi, I. (1990). Blushing as a discourse: was Darwin wrong? In Crozier, W. R. (ed.), Shyness and Embarrassment: Perspectives from Social Psychology (pp. 230–251). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chauhan, B., Mathias, C. J., & Critchley, H. D. (2008). Autonomic contributions to empathy: evidence from patients with primary autonomic failure. Autonomic Neuroscience, 140: 96–100.Google Scholar
Coan, J. A. & Allen, J. J. B. (eds.) (2007). Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coan, J. A. & Gottman, J. M. (2007). The specific affect coding system (SPAFF). In Coan, J. A. & Allen, J. J. B. (eds.), Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment (pp. 267–285). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cohn, J. F. & De la Torre, F. (2015). Automated face analysis for affective computing. In Calvo, R. A., D’Mello, S. K., Gratch, J., & Kappas, A. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Affective Computing (pp. 131–150). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Couto, B., Salles, A., Sedeño, L., Peradejordi, M., Barttfeld, P., Canales-Johnson, A., … & Ibanez, A. (2013). The man who feels two hearts: the different pathways of interoception. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9: 1253–1260.Google Scholar
Craig, A. D. (2002). How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3: 655–666.Google Scholar
Craig, A. D. (2009). How do you feel – now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10: 59–70.Google Scholar
Craig, W. (1918). Appetites and aversions as constituents of instincts. Biological Bulletin, 34: 91–107.Google Scholar
D’Andrade, R. & Egan, M. (1974). The colors of emotion. American Ethnologist, 1: 49–63.Google Scholar
Dan-Glauser, E. S. & Gross, J. J. (2013). Emotion regulation and emotion coherence: evidence for strategy-specific effects. Emotion, 13: 832–842.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darwin, C. (1936). The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection: Or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life and The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. New York: Modern Library.Google Scholar
Davidson, R. J. & Irwin, W. (1999). The functional neuroanatomy of emotion and affective style. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3: 11–21.Google Scholar
Delp, M. J. & Sackeim, H. A. (1987). Effects of mood on lacrimal flow: sex differences and asymmetry. Psychophysiology, 24: 550–556.Google Scholar
Diamond, L. M., Hicks, A. M., & Otter-Henderson, K. D. (2011). Individual differences in vagal regulation moderate associations between daily affect and daily couple interactions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37: 731–744.Google Scholar
Dimberg, U. (1982). Facial reactions to facial expressions. Psychophysiology, 19: 643–647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drummond, P. D. & Lance, J. W. (1987). Facial flushing and sweating mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Brain, 110: 793–803.Google Scholar
Duchowski, A. (2007). Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice: London: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Eckart, J. A., Sturm, V. E., Miller, B. L., & Levenson, R. W. (2012). Diminished disgust reactivity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Neuropsychologia, 50: 786–790.Google Scholar
Edelmann, R. J. (1987). The Psychology of Embarrassment. Oxford: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Murphy, B., Maszk, P., Smith, M., & Karbon, M. (1995). The role of emotionality and regulation in children’s social functioning: a longitudinal study. Child Development, 66: 1360–1384.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N., Schaller, M., Fabes, R. A., Bustamante, D., Mathy, R. M., Shell, R., & Rhodes, K. (1988). Differentiation of personal distress and sympathy in children and adults. Developmental Psychology, 24: 766–775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, P. (1984). Expression and the nature of emotion. In Scherer, K. R. & Ekman, P. (eds.), Approaches to Emotion (pp. 319–343). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Ekman, P. (1993). Facial expression and emotion. American Psychologist, 48: 384–392.Google Scholar
Ekman, P. (1994). Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: a reply to Russell’s mistaken critique. Psychological Bulletin, 115: 268–287.Google Scholar
Ekman, P. & Friesen, W. V. (1978). Facial Action Coding System. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Ellsworth, P. (1972a). Emotion in the Human Face. New York: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Ellsworth, P. (1972b). What are the similarities and differences in facial behavior across cultures? In Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Ellsworth, P. (eds.), Emotion in the Human Face (pp. 128–146). New York: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., & Friesen, W. V. (1983). Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. Science, 221: 1208–1210.Google Scholar
Ekman, P., Sorenson, E. R., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). Pan cultural elements in facial displays of emotion. Science, 164: 86–88.Google Scholar
Elliot, A. J. & Covington, M. V. (2001). Approach and avoidance motivation. Educational Psychology Review, 13: 73–92.Google Scholar
Eppinger, H. & Hess, L. (1915). VAGOTONIA: a clinical study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 42: 112–119.Google Scholar
Ernst, J., Northoff, G., Böker, H., Seifritz, E., & Grimm, S. (2013). Interoceptive awareness enhances neural activity during empathy. Human Brain Mapping, 34: 1615–1624.Google Scholar
Fowles, D. C., Christie, M. J., Edelberg, R., Grings, W. W., Lykken, D. T., & Venables, P. H. (1981). Committee report. Publication recommendations for electrodermal measurements. Psychophysiology, 18: 232–239.Google Scholar
Fredrickson, B. L. (2000). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3: article 0001a.Google Scholar
Fredrickson, B. L. & Levenson, R. W. (1998). Positive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 12: 191–220.Google Scholar
Freund, K. (1991). Reflections on the development of the phallometric method of assessing erotic preferences. Annals of Sex Research, 4: 221–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freund, K., Sedlacek, F., & Knob, K. (1965). A simple transducer for mechanical plethysmography of the male genital. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 8: 169–170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedman, H. L., Brown, N. J. L., Tugade, M. M., Shiota, M. N., & Kirby, L. D. (2014). The State of Contemporary Positive Emotions Research. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Friesen, W. V. (1972). Cultural differences in facial expressions in a social situation: an experimental test of the concept of display rules. Dissertation, University of California, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Fukushima, H., Terasawa, Y., & Umeda, S. (2011). Association between interoception and empathy: evidence from heartbeat-evoked brain potential. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 79: 259–265.Google Scholar
Gendron, M., Roberson, D., van der Vyver, J. M., & Barrett, L.F. (2014). Perceptions of emotion from facial expressions are not culturally universal: evidence from a remote culture. Emotion, 14: 251–262.Google Scholar
Gomez, P. & Danuser, B. (2004). Affective and physiological responses to environmental noises and music. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 53: 91–103.Google Scholar
Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74: 224–237.Google Scholar
Gross, J. J., Fredrickson, B. L., & Levenson, R. W. (1994). The psychophysiology of crying. Psychophysiology, 31: 460–468.Google Scholar
Gross, J. J. & Levenson, R. W. (1993). Emotional suppression: physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64: 970–986.Google Scholar
Gross, J.J., & Levenson, R. W. (1995). Emotion elicitation using films. Cognition & Emotion, 9: 87–108.Google Scholar
Grossman, P., Karemaker, J., & Wieling, W. (1991). Prediction of tonic parasympathetic cardiac control using respiratory sinus arrhythmia: the need for respiratory control. Psychophysiology, 28: 201–216.Google Scholar
Gruber, J., Johnson, S. L., Oveis, C., & Keltner, D. (2008). Risk for mania and positive emotional responding: too much of a good thing? Emotion, 8: 23–33.Google Scholar
Harrison, N. A., Gray, M. A., Gianaros, P. J., & Critchley, H. D. (2010). The embodiment of emotional feelings in the brain. Journal of Neuroscience, 30: 12878–12884.Google Scholar
Harrison, N. A., Singer, T., Rotshtein, P., Dolan, R. J., & Critchley, H. D. (2006). Pupillary contagion: central mechanisms engaged in sadness processing. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 1: 5–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harrison, N. A., Wilson, C. E., & Critchley, H. D. (2007). Processing of observed pupil size modulates perception of sadness and predicts empathy. Emotion, 7: 724–729.Google Scholar
Haug, T. T., Svebak, S., Hausken, T., Wilhelmsen, I., Berstad, A., & Ursin, H. (1994). Low vagal activity as mediating mechanism for the relationship between personality factors and gastric symptoms in functional dyspepsia. Psychosomatic Medicine, 56: 181–186.Google Scholar
Herbert, B. M., Muth, E. R., Pollatos, O., & Herbert, C. (2012). Interoception across modalities: on the relationship between cardiac awareness and the sensitivity for gastric functions. PLoS One, 7: e36646.Google Scholar
Herlihy, B. (2013). The Human Body in Health and Illness. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Herrald, M. M. & Tomaka, J. (2002). Patterns of emotion-specific appraisal, coping, and cardiovascular reactivity during an ongoing emotional episode. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83: 434–450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hess, E. H. & Polt, J. M. (1964). Pupil size in relation to mental activity during simple problem-solving. Science, 143: 1190–1192.Google Scholar
Hopp, H., Shallcross, A. J., Ford, B. Q., Troy, A. S., Wilhelm, F. H., & Mauss, I. B. (2013). High cardiac vagal control protects against future depressive symptoms under conditions of high social support. Biological Psychology, 93: 143–149.Google Scholar
Houle, M. S. & Billman, G. E. (1999). Low-frequency component of the heart rate variability spectrum: a poor marker of sympathetic activity. American Journal of Physiology, 276: H215–H223.Google Scholar
Izard, C. E. (1971). The Face of Emotion. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.Google Scholar
James, W. (1884). What is an emotion? Mind, 9: 188–205.Google Scholar
Jennings, J. R., Berg, W. K., Hutcheson, J. S., Obrist, P., Porges, S., & Turpin, G. (1981). Committee report. Publication guidelines for heart rate studies in man. Psychophysiology, 18: 226–231.Google Scholar
Johnson, K. J., Waugh, C. E., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2010). Smile to see the forest: facially expressed positive emotions broaden cognition. Cognition & Emotion, 24: 299–321.Google Scholar
Juslin, P. N. & Laukka, P. (2004). Expression, perception, and induction of musical emotions: a review and a questionnaire study of everyday listening. Journal of New Music Research, 33: 217–238.Google Scholar
Kahneman, D. & Beatty, J. (1966). Pupil diameter and load on memory. Science, 154: 1583–1585.Google Scholar
Katkin, E. S. (1985). Blood, sweat, and tears: individual differences in autonomic self-perception. Psychophysiology, 22: 125–137.Google Scholar
Keltner, D. & Anderson, C. (2000). Saving face for Darwin: the functions and uses of embarrassment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9: 187–192.Google Scholar
Keltner, D. & Buswell, B. N. (1997). Embarrassment: its distinct form and appeasement functions. Psychological Bulletin, 122: 250–270.Google Scholar
Keltner, D. & Haidt, J. (2003). Approaching awe, a moral, spiritual, and aesthetic emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 17: 297–314.Google Scholar
Keltner, D. & Kring, A. M. (1998). Emotion, social function, and psychopathology. Review of General Psychology, 2: 320–342.Google Scholar
Khalfa, S., Roy, M., Rainville, P., Dalla Bella, S., & Peretz, I. (2008). Role of tempo entrainment in psychophysiological differentiation of happy and sad music? International Journal of Psychophysiology, 68: 17–26.Google Scholar
Khalsa, S., Rudrauf, D., Sandesara, C., Olshansky, B., & Tranel, D. (2009). Bolus isoproterenol infusions provide a reliable method for assessing interoceptive awareness. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 72: 34–45.Google Scholar
Klorman, R., Weissberg, R. P., & Wiesenfeld, A. R. (1977). Individual differences in fear and autonomic reactions to affective stimulation. Psychophysiology, 14: 45–51.Google Scholar
Kogan, A., Oveis, C., Carr, E. W., Gruber, J., Mauss, I. B., Shallcross, A., … & Cheng, C. (2014). Vagal activity is quadratically related to prosocial traits, prosocial emotions, and observer perceptions of prosociality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107: 1051–1063.Google Scholar
Kok, B. E. & Fredrickson, B. L. (2010). Upward spirals of the heart: autonomic flexibility, as indexed by vagal tone, reciprocally and prospectively predicts positive emotions and social connectedness. Biological Psychology, 85: 432–436.Google Scholar
Kreibig, S. D. (2010). Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: a review. Biological Psychology, 84: 394–421.Google Scholar
Kreibig, S. D., Schaefer, G., & Brosch, T. (2010). Psychophysiological response patterning in emotion: implications for affective computing. In Scherer, K. R., Baenziger, T., & Roesch, E. (eds.), Blueprint for Affective Computing: A Sourcebook (pp. 105–130). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kreibig, S. D., Wilhelm, F. H., Roth, W. T., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Cardiovascular, electrodermal, and respiratory response patterns to fear- and sadness-inducing films. Psychophysiology, 44: 787–806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kring, A. M. & Gordon, A. H. (1998). Sex differences in emotion: expression, experience, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74: 686–703.Google Scholar
Kring, A. M. & Sloan, D. M. (2007). The Facial Expression Coding System (FACES): development, validation, and utility. Psychological Assessment, 19: 210–224.Google Scholar
Krumhansl, C. L. (1997). An exploratory study of musical emotions and psychophysiology. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51: 336–352.Google Scholar
Krzywicki, A. T., Berntson, G. G., & O’Kane, B. L. (2014). A non-contact technique for measuring eccrine sweat gland activity using passive thermal imaging. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 94: 25–34.Google Scholar
Kuban, M., Barbaree, H. E., & Blanchard, R. (1999). A comparison of volume and circumference phallometry: response magnitude and method agreement. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 28: 345–359.Google Scholar
Kunzmann, U. & Grühn, D. (2005). Age differences in emotional reactivity: the sample case of sadness. Psychology and Aging, 20: 47–59.Google Scholar
Kunzmann, U., Kupperbusch, C. S., & Levenson, R. W. (2005). Behavioral inhibition and amplification during emotional arousal: a comparison of two age groups. Psychology and Aging, 20: 144–158.Google Scholar
Laan, A. J., Van Assen, M. A., & Vingerhoets, A. J. (2012). Individual differences in adult crying: the role of attachment styles. Social Behavior and Personality, 40: 453–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakoff, G. & Kövecses, Z. (1987). The cognitive model of anger inherent in American English. In Holland, D. & Quinn, N. (eds.), Cultural Models in Language & Thought (pp. 195–221). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Landis, C. (1930). Psychology and the psychogalvanic reflex. Psychological Review, 37: 381–398.Google Scholar
Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1990). Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychological Review, 97: 377–395.Google Scholar
Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1999). International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Technical Manual and Affective Ratings. Gainesville, FL: Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida.Google Scholar
Lang, P. J., Greenwald, M. K., & Bradley, M. M. (1988). The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) Standardization Procedure and Initial Group Results for Affective Judgments. Gainesville, FL: Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida.Google Scholar
Lang, P. J., Greenwald, M. K., Bradley, M. M., & Hamm, A. O. (1993). Looking at pictures: affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions. Psychophysiology, 30: 261–273.Google Scholar
Lazarus, R. S., Kanner, A. D., & Folkman, S. (1980). Emotions: a cognitive-phenomenological analysis. In Plutchik, R. & Kellerman, H. (eds.), Theories of Emotion (pp. 189–217). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Lazarus, R. S., Opton, E., Tomita, M., & Kodama, M. (1966). A cross-cultural study of stress-reaction patterns in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4: 622–633.Google Scholar
Leary, M. R., Britt, T. W., Cutlip, W. D., & Templeton, J. L. (1992). Social blushing. Psychological Bulletin, 112: 446–460.Google Scholar
Levenson, R. W. (1983). Personality research and psychophysiology: general considerations. Journal of Research in Personality, 17: 1–21.Google Scholar
Levenson, R. W. (1988). Emotion and the autonomic nervous system: a prospectus for research on autonomic specificity. In Wanger, H. L. (ed.), Social Psychophysiology and Emotion: Theory and Clinical Applications (pp. 17–42). Oxford: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Levenson, R. W. (1992). Autonomic nervous system differences among emotions. Psychological Science, 3: 23–27.Google Scholar
Levenson, R. W. (1994). Human emotion: a functional view. In Ekman, P. & Davidson, R. J. (eds.), The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions (pp. 123–126). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Levenson, R. W. (1999). The intrapersonal functions of emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 13: 481–504.Google Scholar
Levenson, R. W. (2003). Blood, sweat, and fears: the autonomic architecture of emotion. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1000: 348–366.Google Scholar
Levenson, R. W. (2014). The autonomic nervous system and emotion. Emotion Review, 6: 100–112.Google Scholar
Levenson, R. W., Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1990). Voluntary facial action generates emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity. Psychophysiology, 27: 363–384.Google Scholar
Levenson, R. W. & Ruef, A. M. (1992). Empathy: a physiological substrate. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63: 234–246.Google Scholar
Levenson, R. W., Soto, J., & Pole, N. (2007). Emotion, biology, and culture. In Kitayama, S. & Cohen, D. (eds.), Handbook of Cultural Psychology (pp. 780–796). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Libby, W. L., Lacey, B. C., & Lacey, J. I. (1973). Pupillary and cardiac activity during visual attention. Psychophysiology, 10: 270–294.Google Scholar
Lozano, D. L., Norman, G., Knox, D., Wood, B. L., Miller, B. D., Emery, C. F., & Berntson, G. G. (2007). Where to B in dZ/dt. Psychophysiology, 44: 113–119.Google Scholar
Machado-Moreira, C. A. & Taylor, N. A. (2012). Psychological sweating from glabrous and nonglabrous skin surfaces under thermoneutral conditions. Psychophysiology, 49: 369–374.Google Scholar
Mandler, G., Mandler, J. M., & Uviller, E. T. (1958). Autonomic feedback: the perception of autonomic activity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 56: 367–373.Google Scholar
Maruskin, L. A., Thrash, T. M., & Elliot, A. J. (2012). The chills as a psychological construct: content universe, factor structure, affective composition, elicitors, trait antecedents, and consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103: 135–157.Google Scholar
Masters, W. H. (1959). The sexual response cycle of the human female: vaginal lubrication. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 83: 301–317.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, D. & Willingham, B. (2006). The thrill of victory and the agony of defeat: spontaneous expressions of medal winners of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91: 568–581.Google Scholar
Mauss, I. B., Cook, C. L., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Automatic emotion regulation during anger provocation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43: 698–711.Google Scholar
Mauss, I. B., Levenson, R. W., McCarter, L., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The tie that binds? Coherence among emotion experience, behavior, and physiology. Emotion, 5: 175–190.Google Scholar
Mauss, I. B. & Robinson, M. D. (2009). Measures of emotion: a review. Cognition & Emotion, 23: 209–237.Google Scholar
McCaul, K. D., Holmes, D. S., & Solomon, S. (1982). Voluntary expressive changes and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42: 145–152.Google Scholar
McCorry, L. K. (2007). Physiology of the autonomic nervous system. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 71: 1–11.Google Scholar
Meissner, K., Muth, E. R., & Herbert, B. M. (2011). Bradygastric activity of the stomach predicts disgust sensitivity and perceived disgust intensity. Biological Psychology, 86: 9–16.Google Scholar
Mendes, W. B., Major, B., McCoy, S., & Blascovich, J. (2008). How attributional ambiguity shapes physiological and emotional responses to social rejection and acceptance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94: 278–291.Google Scholar
Mesquita, B., Barrett, L. F., & Smith, E. R. (2010). The context principle. In Mesquita, B., Barrett, L. F., & Smith, E. R. (eds.), The Mind in Context (pp. 1–24). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Miceli, M. & Castelfranchi, C. (2003). Crying: discussing its basic reasons and uses. New Ideas in Psychology, 21: 247–273.Google Scholar
Morris, N. B., Cramer, M. N., Hodder, S. G., Havenith, G., & Jay, O. (2013). A comparison between the technical absorbent and ventilated capsule methods for measuring local sweat rate. Journal of Applied Physiology, 114: 816–823.Google Scholar
Muhtadie, L., Koslov, K., Akinola, M., & Mendes, W. B. (2014). Vagal flexibility: a physiological predictor of social sensitivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109: 106–120.Google Scholar
Navazesh, M. & Christensen, C. (1982). A comparison of whole mouth resting and stimulated salivary measurement procedures. Journal of Dental Research, 61: 1158–1162.Google Scholar
Navazesh, M. & Kumar, S. (2008). Measuring salivary flow: challenges and opportunities. Journal of the American Dental Association, 139: 35S–40S.Google Scholar
Newlin, D. B. & Levenson, R. W. (1979). Pre-ejection period: measuring beta-adrenergic influences upon the heart. Psychophysiology, 16: 546–553.Google Scholar
Obrist, P. A., Webb, R. A., Sutterer, J. R., & Howard, J. L. (1970). The cardiac-somatic relationship: some reformulations. Psychophysiology, 6: 569–587.Google Scholar
Osgood, C. E. (1964). Sematic differential technique in the comparative study of cultures. American Anthropologist, 66: 171–200.Google Scholar
Osgood, C. E. G., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957). The Measurement of Meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Oveis, C., Cohen, A. B., Gruber, J., Shiota, M. N., Haidt, J., & Keltner, D. (2009). Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia is associated with tonic positive emotionality. Emotion, 9: 265–270.Google Scholar
Palomba, D., Angrilli, A., & Mini, A. (1997). Visual evoked potentials, heart rate responses and memory to emotional pictorial stimuli. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 27: 55–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panksepp, J. (1995). The emotional sources of “chills” induced by music. Music Perception, 13: 171–207.Google Scholar
Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Panksepp, J. (2000). Emotions as natural kinds within the mammalian brain. In Lewis, M. & Haviland-Jones, J. M. (eds.), Handbook of Emotions (pp. 137–156). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Partala, T., Jokiniemi, M., & Surakka, V. (2000). Pupillary responses to emotionally provocative stimuli. In Proceedings of the 2000 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (pp. 123–129). New York: ACM.Google Scholar
Pauls, C. A. & Stemmler, G. (2003). Repressive and defensive coping during fear and anger. Emotion, 3: 284–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pennebaker, J. W. (1982). The Psychology of Physical Symptoms. New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Platt, J. R. (1964). Strong inference. Science, 146: 347–353.Google Scholar
Porges, S. W. (2001). The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 42: 123–146.Google Scholar
Porges, S. W. (2007). The polyvagal perspective. Biological Psychology, 74: 116–143.Google Scholar
Preston, S. D. & De Waal, F. B. M. (2002). Empathy: its ultimate and proximate bases. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25: 1–72.Google Scholar
Prkachin, K. M., Mills, D. E., Zwaal, C., & Husted, J. (2001). Comparison of hemodynamic responses to social and nonsocial stress: evaluation of an anger interview. Psychophysiology, 38: 879–885.Google Scholar
Proctor, G. B. & Carpenter, G. H. (2007). Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves. Autonomic Neuroscience, 133: 3–18.Google Scholar
Quigley, K. S. (2004). Parasympathetic nervous system. In Craighead, W. E. & Nemeroff, C. B. (eds.), Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science, 3rd edn. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Reyes del Paso, G. A., Langewitz, W., Mulder, L. J., Roon, A., & Duschek, S. (2013). The utility of low frequency heart rate variability as an index of sympathetic cardiac tone: a review with emphasis on a reanalysis of previous studies. Psychophysiology, 50: 477–487.Google Scholar
Rohleder, N., Wolf, J. M., Maldonado, E. F., & Kirschbaum, C. (2006). The psychosocial stress-induced increase in salivary alpha-amylase is independent of saliva flow rate. Psychophysiology, 43: 645–652.Google Scholar
Rohrmann, S. & Hopp, H. (2008). Cardiovascular indicators of disgust. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 68: 201–208.Google Scholar
Roseman, I. J., Wiest, C., & Swartz, T. S. (1994). Phenomenology, behaviors, and goals differentiate discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67: 206–221.Google Scholar
Rottenberg, J., Wilhelm, F. H., Gross, J. J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2002). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a predictor of outcome in major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 71: 265–272.Google Scholar
Rozin, P. & Fallon, A. E. (1987). A perspective on disgust. Psychological Review, 94: 23–41.Google Scholar
Ruef, A. M. & Levenson, R. W. (2007). Continuous measurement of emotion: the affect rating dial. In Coan, J. A. & Allen, J. J. B. (eds.), Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment (pp. 286–297). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Russell, J. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39: 1161–1178.Google Scholar
Russell, J. A. (1994). Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expressions? A review of the cross-cultural studies. Psychology Bulletin, 115: 102–141.Google Scholar
Russell, J. A. & Barrett, L. F. (1999). Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: dissecting the elephant. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76: 805–819.Google Scholar
Salonia, A., Giraldi, A., Chivers, M. L., Georgiadis, J. R., Levin, R., Maravilla, K. R., & McCarthy, M. M. (2010). Physiology of women’s sexual function: basic knowledge and new findings. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7: 2637–2660.Google Scholar
Sarnik, S., Hofirek, I., & Sochor, O. (2007). Laser doppler fluxmetry. Biomedical Papers, 151: 143–146.Google Scholar
Sauter, D. A., Eisner, F., Ekman, P., & Scott, S. K. (2010). Cross-cultural recognition of basic emotions through nonverbal emotional vocalizations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 107: 2408–2412.Google Scholar
Schachter, S. & Singer, J. (1962). Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 69: 379–399.Google Scholar
Schandry, R. (1981). Heart beat perception and emotional experience. Psychophysiology, 18: 483–488.Google Scholar
Scherer, K. R. (2005). What are emotions? And how can they be measured? Social Science Information, 44: 695–729.Google Scholar
Scherer, K. R., Banse, R., Wallbott, H. G., & Goldbeck, T. (1991). Vocal cues in emotion encoding and decoding. Motivation & Emotion, 15: 123–148.Google Scholar
Scherer, K. R. & Wallbott, H. G. (1994). Evidence for universality and cultural variation of differential emotion response patterning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66: 310–328.Google Scholar
Schnall, S., Haidt, J., Clore, G. L., & Jordan, A. H. (2008). Disgust as embodied moral judgment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34: 1096–1109.Google Scholar
Schneider, T. R., Lyons, J. B., & Williams, M. (2005). Emotional intelligence and autonomic self-perception: emotional abilities are related to visceral acuity. Personality and Individual Differences, 39: 853–861.Google Scholar
Schwartz, G. E., Weinberger, D. A., & Singer, J.A. (1981). Cardiovascular differentiation of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear following imagery and exercise. Psychosomatic Medicine, 43: 343–364.Google Scholar
Seider, B. H., Shiota, M. N., Whalen, P., & Levenson, R. W. (2011). Greater sadness reactivity in late life. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 6: 186–194.Google Scholar
Shearn, D., Bergman, E., Hill, K., Abel, A., & Hinds, L. (1990). Facial coloration and temperature responses in blushing. Psychophysiology, 27: 687–693.Google Scholar
Shenhav, A. & Mendes, W. B. (2014). Aiming for the stomach and hitting the heart: dissociable triggers and sources for disgust reactions. Emotion, 14: 301–310.Google Scholar
Sherwood, A., Allen, M. T., Fahrenberg, J., Kelsey, R. M., Lovallo, W. R., & van Doornen, L. J. (1990). Methodological guidelines for impedance cardiography. Psychophysiology, 27: 1–23.Google Scholar
Shiota, M. N., Neufeld, S. L., Danvers, A. F., Osborne, E. A., Sng, O., & Yee, C. I. (2014). Positive emotion differentiation: a functional approach. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 8: 104–117.Google Scholar
Shiota, M. N., Neufeld, S. L., Yeung, W. H., Moser, S. E., & Perea, E. F. (2011). Feeling good: autonomic nervous system responding in five positive emotions. Emotion, 11: 1368–1378.Google Scholar
Simmons, W. K., Avery, J. A., Barcalow, J. C., Bodurka, J., Drevets, W. C., & Bellgowan, P. (2013). Keeping the body in mind: insula functional organization and functional connectivity integrate interoceptive, exteroceptive, and emotional awareness. Human Brain Mapping, 34: 2944–2958.Google Scholar
Sinha, R., Lovallo, W. R., & Parsons, O. A. (1992). Cardiovascular differentiation of emotions. Psychosomatic Medicine, 54: 422–435.Google Scholar
Sintchak, G. & Geer, J. H. (1975). A vaginal plethysmograph system. Psychophysiology, 12: 113–115.Google Scholar
Smith, A., Cadoret, G., & St-Amour, D. (1997). Scopolamine increases prehensile force during object manipulation by reducing palmar sweating and decreasing skin friction. Experimental Brain Research, 114: 578–583.Google Scholar
Soto, J. A., Levenson, R. W., & Ebling, R. (2005). Cultures of moderation and expression: emotional experience, behavior, and physiology in Chinese Americans and Mexican Americans. Emotion, 5: 154–165.Google Scholar
Soto, J. A., Roberts, N. A., Pole, N., Levenson, R. W., Burleson, M. H., King, A. R., & Breland-Noble, A. (2012). Elevated baseline anxiety among African Americans in laboratory research settings. Journal of Psychophysiology, 26: 105–115.Google Scholar
Soussignan, R. (2002). Duchenne smile, emotional experience, and autonomic reactivity: a test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Emotion, 2: 52–74.Google Scholar
Stellar, J. E., Cohen, A., Oveis, C., & Keltner, D. (2015). Affective and physiological responses to the suffering of others: compassion and vagal activity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108: 572–585.Google Scholar
Stemmler, G. (1989). The autonomic differentiation of emotions revisited: convergent and discriminant validation. Psychophysiology, 26: 617–632.Google Scholar
Stemmler, G., Heldmann, M., Pauls, C. A., & Scherer, T. (2001). Constraints for emotion specificity in fear and anger: the context counts. Psychophysiology, 38: 275–291.Google Scholar
Stern, R. M., Koch, K. L., Stewart, W. R., & Vasey, M. W. (1987). Electrogastrography: current issues in validation and methodology. Psychophysiology, 24: 55–64.Google Scholar
Sternbach, R. A. (1962). Assessing differential autonomic patterns in emotions. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 6: 87–91.Google Scholar
Sze, J. A., Gyurak, A., Yuan, J. W., & Levenson, R. W. (2010). Coherence between emotional experience and physiology: does body awareness training have an impact? Emotion, 10: 803–814.Google Scholar
Tomaka, J., Blascovich, J., Kelsey, R. M., & Leitten, C. L. (1993). Subjective, physiological, and behavioral effects of threat and challenge appraisal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65: 248–260.Google Scholar
Tomkins, S. S. (1962). Affect, Imagery, Consciousness, vol. 1: The Positive Affects. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Tomkins, S. S. (1984). Affect theory. In Scherer, T. & Ekman, P. (eds.), Approaches to Emotion (pp. 353–395). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L. (1990). The past explains the present: emotional adaptations and the structure of ancestral environments. Ethology and Sociobiology, 11: 375–424.Google Scholar
Tracy, J. L. & Matsumoto, D. (2008). The spontaneous expression of pride and shame: evidence for biologically innate nonverbal displays. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 105: 11655–11660.Google Scholar
Tsai, J. L., Chentsova-Dutton, Y., Freire-Bebeau, L., & Przymus, D. E. (2002). Emotional expression and physiology in European Americans and Hmong Americans. Emotion, 2: 380–397.Google Scholar
Tugade, M. M. & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86: 320–333.Google Scholar
Vianna, E. P., Weinstock, J., Elliott, D., Summers, R., & Tranel, D. (2006). Increased feelings with increased body signals. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 1: 37–48.Google Scholar
Vingerhoets, A. J., Cornelius, R. R., Van Heck, G. L., & Becht, M. C. (2000). Adult crying: a model and review of the literature. Review of General Psychology, 4: 354–377.Google Scholar
Vrana, S. R. & Rollock, D. (2002). The role of ethnicity, gender, emotional content, and contextual differences in physiological, expressive, and self-reported emotional responses to imagery. Cognition & Emotion, 16: 165–192.Google Scholar
Vrana, S. R., Spence, E. L., & Lang, P. J. (1988). The startle probe response: a new measure of emotion? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97: 487–491.Google Scholar
Walker, M.P., &Harvey, A.G. (2010). Obligate symbiosis: Sleep and affect. Sleep medicine reviews, 14: 215–217.Google Scholar
Werner, G. G., Ford, B. Q., Mauss, I. B., Schabus, M., Blechert, J., & Wilhelm, F. H. (2015). High cardiac vagal control is related to better subjective and objective sleep quality. Biological Psychology, 106: 79–85.Google Scholar
Wiens, S., Mezzacappa, E. S., & Katkin, E. S. (2000). Heartbeat detection and the experience of emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 14: 417–427.Google Scholar
Winton, W. M., Putnam, L. E., & Krauss, R. M. (1984). Facial and autonomic manifestations of the dimensional structure of emotion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 20: 195–216.Google Scholar
Yin, J. & Chen, J. D. (2013). Electrogastrography: methodology, validation and applications. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 19: 5–17.Google Scholar
Yuan, J. W., McCarthy, M., Holley, S. R., & Levenson, R. W. (2010). Physiological down-regulation and positive emotion in marital interaction. Emotion, 10: 467–474.Google Scholar
Zaki, J., Davis, J. I., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012). Overlapping activity in anterior insula during interoception and emotional experience. NeuroImage, 62: 493–499.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×