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8 - Adolescents and HIV

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2009

By
Ligia Peralta  and
Bret J. Rudy
Edited by
Steven L. Zeichner  and
Jennifer S. Read
Ligia Peralta
Affiliation:
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD
Bret J. Rudy
Affiliation:
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, PA
Steven L. Zeichner
Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
Jennifer S. Read
Affiliation:
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Summary

Introduction

HIV-infected adolescents represent an important part of the global AIDS epidemic. In this chapter, the epidemiology of HIV infection in adolescents will be addressed, as well as adolescent development, HIV counseling and testing, and prevention of acquisition of HIV infection by adolescents. Finally, management of HIV-infected adolescents, including reproductive health and gynecologic care, will be addressed. It is not the intent of this chapter to review all aspects of management of HIV-infected adolescents, but rather to address issues that are unique to adolescents. This chapter emphasizes adolescent HIV infection as seen in the USA, but many of the principles are applicable to adolescents in other settings.

Epidemiology

The epidemiology of HIV infection among adolescents in the USA generally mirrors the epidemiology of HIV infection among adolescents in other resource-rich countries. In resource-poor countries, the epidemiology of HIV infection among adolescents is somewhat different in that HIV infection disproportionately affects young women, who generally become infected through heterosexual contact, often with older men.

By the end of 2001, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that adolescents aged 13 to 19 years made up less than 1% (4428 cases), and young adults aged 20–24 years represented 3.5% (28 665 cases), of all reported individuals with AIDS in the USA [1]. It is estimated that over 100 000 adolescents are living with HIV in the USA, although most are unaware of their infection [2].

Type
Chapter
Information
Handbook of Pediatric HIV Care , pp. 219 - 272
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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  • Adolescents and HIV
    • By Ligia Peralta, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, Bret J. Rudy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, PA
  • Edited by Steven L. Zeichner, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Jennifer S. Read
  • Book: Handbook of Pediatric HIV Care
  • Online publication: 23 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544781.010
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  • Adolescents and HIV
    • By Ligia Peralta, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, Bret J. Rudy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, PA
  • Edited by Steven L. Zeichner, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Jennifer S. Read
  • Book: Handbook of Pediatric HIV Care
  • Online publication: 23 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544781.010
Available formats
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To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Adolescents and HIV
    • By Ligia Peralta, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, Bret J. Rudy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, PA
  • Edited by Steven L. Zeichner, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Jennifer S. Read
  • Book: Handbook of Pediatric HIV Care
  • Online publication: 23 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544781.010
Available formats
×