Good communication lies at the heart of health care. It is key to preventing hospital admission, providing appropriate treatment, and facilitating early discharge. Physical, physiological, sensory, psychological, and social changes associated with ageing impact on communicatio,n so that more time and patience may be needed in encounters with older adults.

This chapter explores factors related to communication: factors that affect the professional, factors that affect the patient, environmental factors, factors in the social context, and non-verbal communication. We examine the impact of advancing age and the needs of particular populations, including people with protected characteristics and people with dementia. Language and communication are a major concern in providing services for black and minority ethnic elders. We explore the need to approach people with sensitivity and understanding.

Older people often present with multiple comorbidities. There is a dynamic interaction between physical and mental health; the two may be impossible to separate. Integrated working and effective liaison between professionals and agencies facilitate person-centred care. In direct communication with older people and their family carers, listening is as important as sharing information.

We include two reflective cases to aid personal learning and conclude with tips to improve communication with older adults and with people with dementia.