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4 - The ecological context: a species population perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 December 2009

By
David W. MacDonald ,
Tom P. Moorhouse  and
Jody W. Enck
Edited by
Martin R. Perrow  and
Anthony J. Davy
David W. MacDonald
Affiliation:
Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
Tom P. Moorhouse
Affiliation:
Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
Jody W. Enck
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Resources, Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
Martin R. Perrow
Affiliation:
University of East Anglia
Anthony J. Davy
Affiliation:
University of East Anglia
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Restoration in context

Wheeler (1995) offers the generalisation, derived from consideration of plant community restoration, that a suitable end point of restoration is that restoration ‘must result in the development of a self-sustaining semi-natural habitat (under a given management regime)’. This is also applicable to restoring animal communities, a criterion for success being a viable, self-sustaining population in the wild (Griffith et al., 1989; Ebenhard, 1995; Saltz & Rubenstein, 1995; Nolet & Baveco, 1996; Sarrazin & Barbault, 1996; IUCN 1998). The requirements of restoration are very much the same for both plant and animal communities; the end product must be a self-sustaining population or community.

Restoration may be appropriate as a conservation action, either to reverse a process of deterioration and loss, or to reinstate a species which has been lost. In either case, the process of restoration may involve diverse activities. Obviously, it is restoration to repair, or even recreate, the habitat that a particular species or community require. Less obviously, restoration may involve not only the fostering of beneficial factors, but the removal of inimical ones. Thus, in the case of the water vole (Arvicola terrestris), now a threatened species in the UK, the creation of riparian habitat and the extermination of invasive American mink (Mustela vison) are equal components of restoration (Macdonald & Strachan, 1999). Similarly, there is some evidence that the restoration of rare or threatened plant species in some ecosystems can be facilitated by limiting the impact of phytophagous insects (Louda, 1994).

Type
Chapter
Information
Handbook of Ecological Restoration , pp. 47 - 65
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2002

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