INTRODUCTION

In the evolving systems approach to the case study method, there are three guiding ideas: The creative person is unique, developmental change is multidirectional, and the creative person is an evolving system. The necessary uniqueness of the creative person argues against efforts to reduce psychological description to a fixed set of dimensions. The creative person is not conveniently “far out” along some well-charted path: She or he is unique in unexpected ways. Indeed, it may never be possible to make more than a few obvious generalizations about ways in which all creative people are alike.

The prevailing image of psychological change in developmental theory unfortunately is one of unilinear, cumulative, predictable, and irreversible growth in accordance with a species-general standard sequence. For those using the evolving systems approach, however, development is not restricted to a unilinear pathway since an evolving system does not operate as a linear sequence of cause-effect relationships but displays, at every point in its history, multicausal and reciprocally interactive relationships both among the internal elements of the system and between the organism and its external milieu. Whether change is cumulative and whether it is structurally developmental or not must be worked out in each instance by investigators.