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36 - CMOS spectrally multiplexed FRET contact imaging microsystem for DNA analysis

from Part VII - Lab-on-a-chip

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2015

By
Derek Ho ,
M. Omair Noor ,
Ulrich J. Krull ,
Glenn Gulak  and
Roman Genov
Edited by
Sandro Carrara  and
Krzysztof Iniewski
Derek Ho
Affiliation:
City University of Hong Kong
M. Omair Noor
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Ulrich J. Krull
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Glenn Gulak
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Roman Genov
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Sandro Carrara
Affiliation:
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Krzysztof Iniewski
Affiliation:
Redlen Technologies Inc., Canada
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Summary

Introduction

Analytical platforms are used in the life sciences for the observation, identification, and characterization of various biological systems. These platforms serve applications such as sequencing of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), immunoassays, and gene expression analyses for environmental, medical, forensics, and biohazard detection [1]–[3]. Biosensors are a subset of such platforms that can convey biological parameters in terms of electrical signals. Biosensors are utilized to measure the quantity of various biological analytes and are often required to be capable of specifically detecting multiple analytes simultaneously. A goal in biosensor research is to develop portable, hand-held devices for point-of-care (POC) use, for example in a physician’s office, an ambulance, or at a hospital bedside, that could provide time-critical information about a patient on the spot [4].

The current demand for high-throughput, point-of-care bio-recognition has introduced new technical challenges for biosensor design and implementation. Conventional biological tests are highly repetitive, labor-intensive, and require a large sample volume [2], [5]. The associated biochemical protocols often require hours or days to perform at a cost of hundreds of dollars per test. Instrumentation for performing such testing today is bulky, expensive, and requires considerable power consumption. Problems remain in detecting and quantifying low levels of biological compounds reliably, conveniently, safely, and quickly. Solving these problems will require the development of new techniques and sensors.

Type
Chapter
Information
Handbook of Bioelectronics
Directly Interfacing Electronics and Biological Systems
 , pp. 430 - 447
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

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