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1 - INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2010

Jonathan A. Rodden
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Summary

No one can appreciate the advantages of a federal system more than I. I hold it to be one of the most powerful combinations favoring human prosperity and freedom. I envy the lot of the nations that have been allowed to adopt it.

Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America

I should wish you to have as many [states] as you now have palatinates. Create in each of these states as many regional administrations. Perfect the organization of your dietines, granting them wider powers within their respective palatinates.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Government of Poland

The probable evil is that the general government will be too dependent on the state legislatures, too much governed by their prejudices, and too obsequious to their humours; that the states, with every power in their hands, will make encroachments on the national authority, till the union is weakened and dissolved.

Alexander Hamilton, Remarks in the New York Ratifying Convention, 1788

Alexis de Tocqueville was not alone. Federalism, especially the American variety, is one of the world's most admired and copied political innovations. Starting at least with Montesquieu, political philosophers have pointed out the advantages of decentralized, multilayered government structures and, at least since Rousseau, advocated their adoption in a wide variety of settings around the world. Tocqueville's enthusiasm and Rousseau's practical advice have been taken up with renewed vigor in the late twentieth century, as transitions from centralized authoritarianism to democracy in countries from Eastern Europe to Latin America and Africa have been marked by the decentralization of authority to state and local officials.

Type
Chapter
Information
Hamilton's Paradox
The Promise and Peril of Fiscal Federalism
, pp. 1 - 14
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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