Book contents
- Gynaecology for the Obstetrician
- Gynaecology for the Obstetrician
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Chapter 1 Ovarian Cysts in Pregnancy
- Chapter 2 Fibroids in Pregnancy
- Chapter 3 Cervical Abnormalities in Pregnancy
- Chapter 4 Vulval Disorders in Pregnancy
- Chapter 5 Congenital Uterine Malformations and Vaginal Anomalies
- Chapter 6 Vaginal Prolapse and Previous Prolapse Surgery
- Chapter 7 Urinary Tract Problems in Pregnancy
- Chapter 8 Previous Third and Fourth Degree Tears
- Chapter 9 Management of Post-Partum Retained Placental Remnants
- Chapter 10 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)
- Chapter 11 Female Genital Mutilation
- Chapter 12 Ovarian and Cervical Malignancy in Pregnancy
- Chapter 13 Post-Partum Contraception
- Chapter 14 Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer
- Index
- References
Chapter 11 - Female Genital Mutilation
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 July 2023
- Gynaecology for the Obstetrician
- Gynaecology for the Obstetrician
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Chapter 1 Ovarian Cysts in Pregnancy
- Chapter 2 Fibroids in Pregnancy
- Chapter 3 Cervical Abnormalities in Pregnancy
- Chapter 4 Vulval Disorders in Pregnancy
- Chapter 5 Congenital Uterine Malformations and Vaginal Anomalies
- Chapter 6 Vaginal Prolapse and Previous Prolapse Surgery
- Chapter 7 Urinary Tract Problems in Pregnancy
- Chapter 8 Previous Third and Fourth Degree Tears
- Chapter 9 Management of Post-Partum Retained Placental Remnants
- Chapter 10 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)
- Chapter 11 Female Genital Mutilation
- Chapter 12 Ovarian and Cervical Malignancy in Pregnancy
- Chapter 13 Post-Partum Contraception
- Chapter 14 Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer
- Index
- References
Summary
This chapter provides an overview of female genital mutilation (FGM) and how it affects maternity care. FGM is when the female genitals are deliberately cut or injured without medical reason. It is deeply entrenched in gender inequality and is recognised as a human rights’ violation. An estimated 200 million women and girls worldwide live with the physical and psychological consequences of FGM. Four types are classified by the World Health Organization. Careful antenatal assessment should include diagnosis of FGM type, birth plan and safeguarding assessment. Women with FGM are more likely to have adverse obstetric outcomes than women without FGM. Women with Type 3 FGM may require a procedure called deinfibulation to open the anterior scar to facilitate childbirth. This can be carried out during the antenatal or intrapartum period. Many countries have made FGM illegal but the practice still persists across the world.
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- Gynaecology for the Obstetrician , pp. 109 - 122Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2023