Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T13:05:42.970Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2021

Megan A. Stewart
Affiliation:
American University, Washington DC
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Governing for Revolution
Social Transformation in Civil War
, pp. 280 - 310
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

@3z0ooz [Abdalaziz Alhamza]. “10- #city has faced many brutal militias like #Assad regime, #Nusra #ISIS #SDF #YPG #PKK #Islamic militias & many other groups and its people face all kind of atrocities but the city has had many revolutions against many groups and now it’s the time to get rid of #YPG/#SDF.” Twitter, 2018a. First published June 3, 2018. https://twitter.com/3z0ooz/status/1003388289750102016. Accessed June 4, 2018.Google Scholar
“A thread about what’s going on in#Raqqa right now 1 – on May 27th a protest hit the streets of Raqqa calling on #YPG / #SDF to leave #Raqqa city because of the atrocities that they have been committed against the civilians and the forcing recruitment for even the children.” Twitter, 2018b. First published June 3, 2018. https://twitter.com/3z0ooz/status/1003372074780577794. Accessed June 4, 2018. Full thread contains all accusations against the YPG.Google Scholar
Aarsse, Robert. “Le Jeu de l’Indonésie et Des États Unis, Dans l’Ile de Timor.” Archived newspaper article, 1976. Published March 1976 in Le Monde. From the Resistance Museum and Archives, Dili, East Timor. Accessed February 9, 2016. Also accessed at www.monde-diplomatique.fr/1976/03/AARSSE/33693, February 2, 2020.Google Scholar
Abbay, Alemseged. Identity Jilted, Or, Re-imagining Identity? The Divergent Paths of the Eritrean and Tigrayan Nationalist Struggles. The Red Sea Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Abboud, Samer N. and Muller, Benjamin J. Rethinking Hizballah: Legitimacy, Authority, Violence. Routledge, 2016.Google Scholar
Abisaab, Rula Jurdi and Abisaab, Malek. The Shi’ites of Lebanon: Modernism, Communism, and Hizbullah’s Islamists. Syracuse University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Abrahamian, Ervand. “Ali Shariati: Ideologue of the Iranian Revolution.” Merip Reports 102 (1982): 24–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M. Intellectual Origins of Islamic Resurgence in the Modern Arab World. SUNY Press, 1996.Google Scholar
AbuKhalil, As’ad. “Ideology and Practice of Hizballah in Lebanon: Islamization of Leninist Organizational Principles.” Middle Eastern Studies 27.3 (1991): 390403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abuza, Zachary. “Jemaah Islamiyah Adopts the Hezbollah Model.” Middle East Quarterly 16.1 (2009): 1526.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, Daron, Cantoni, Davide, Johnson, Simon, and Robinson, James A.The Consequences of Radical Reform: The French Revolution.” American Economic Review 101.7 (2011): 3286–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acharya, Amitav. “How Ideas Spread: Whose Norms Matter? Norm Localization and Institutional Change in Asian Regionalism.” International Organization 58.2 (2004): 239–75.Google Scholar
Adam, Hussein M.Formation and Recognition of New States: Somaliland in Contrast to Eritrea.” Review of African Political Economy 21.59 (1994): 2138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Africa Human Development Series. “Education in the Republic of South Sudan.” World Bank, 2012. http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/787661468302991853/pdf/705950PUB0EPI0067902B09780821388914.pdf. Accessed February 8, 2020.Google Scholar
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde. “Fundamentos e Objectivos da Libertação Nacional em Relação com Estrutura Social.” 1966. Published by the Departamento de Secretariado, Informação, Cultura e Formação de Cuadros. Extracts from Cabral’s Speech in Havana, January 3 to 14, 1966. Accessed June 12–13, 2019 at the Centro Intervenção para Desenvolvimento Amílcar Cabral (CIDAC), Lisbon. BAC-048/21-3. Note: also frequently titled “The Weapon of Theory” in English. Full English translation available at www.marxists.org/subject/africa/cabral/1966/weapon-theory.htm. Accessed November 19, 2019.Google Scholar
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde. “Demand Corrigee.” Archived document from PAIGC to SIDA, 1970. National Archives of Sweden. SIDA. HANDL. ORDNADEENL.DOSSIERPLAN.F1AB-1188 (1966–72). Written in French and translated by author. Dated July 16, 1970 from Conarky. Accessed in the National Archives of Sweden in Taby, Sweden, May 7, 2018.Google Scholar
African Rights. Food and Power in Sudan. African Rights, 1997.Google Scholar
Ahmad, Aisha. Jihad & Co.: Black Markets and Islamist Power. Oxford University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Ahmad, Eqbal. The Selected Writings of Eqbal Ahmad. Foreword by Noam Chomsky. Edited by Bengelsoorf, Carollee, Cerullo, Margaret, and Chandrani, Yogesh. Columbia University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Ahram, Ariel. Break All the Borders. Oxford University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Al Hassan, Sair. “‘Ayoub’: A New Slap to Classical Wars.” Al-Manar. Translated by Mollie Todd. Published November 8, 2012. http://archive.almanar.com.lb/article.php?id=343051. Accessed October 18, 2018.Google Scholar
Al Naji, Abu Bakr. The Management of Savagery. 2006. Translated by Will McCants with financial support from the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University. Published May 23, 2006. https://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/abu-bakr-naji-the-management-of-savagery-the-most-critical-stage-through-which-the-umma-will-pa-pdf. Accessed December 13, 2018.Google Scholar
Al Sayegh, Nasri. “From Ho Chi Minh to Sayeed Hassan Nasrallah.” Al-Safir Newspaper for Al Manar. Translated by Mollie Todd. Published July 17, 2014. http://archive.almanar.com.lb/article.php?id=904385. Accessed March 21, 2017.Google Scholar
Alagha, Joseph Elie. The Shifts in Hizbullah’s Ideology: Religious Ideology, Political Ideology and Political Program. Amsterdam University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Alagha, Joseph Elie. Hizbullah’s Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto. Amsterdam University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Albalate, Daniel. The Privatisation and Nationalisation of European Roads: Success and Failure in Public–Private Partnerships. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albert, Karen. “Rebel Commitment Problems: The Positive and Negative Consequences of Rebel Institutions.” Working paper, ND.Google Scholar
Amrane, Djamila and Abu-Haidar, Farida. “Women and Politics in Algeria from the War of Independence to Our Day.” Research in African Literatures 30.3 (1999): 6277.Google Scholar
Araya, Mesfin. “The Eritrean Question: An Alternative Explanation.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 28.1 (1990): 79100.Google Scholar
Arjona, Ana. “Civilian Resistance to Rebel Governance.” In Rebel Governance in Civil War, eds. Arjona, Ana, Kasfir, Nelson, and Mampilly, Zachariah, 180202. Cambridge University Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arjona, Ana. Rebelocracy: Social Order in the Colombian Civil War. Cambridge University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Arjona, Ana, Kasfir, Nelson, and Mampilly, Zachariah. Rebel Governance in Civil War.” In Rebel Governance in Civil War., eds. Ana Arjona, Nelson Kasfir, , and Mampilly, Zachariah. Cambridge University Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armitage, David. The Declaration of Independence: A Global History. Harvard University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Association of Eritrean Students in North America. “Association of Eritrean Students Hold First Congress in Liberated Areas.” Eritrea in Struggle 2.10 (1978a): 13. Accessed June 13, 2018 at www.marxists.org/history/erol/eritrea/eritrea-struggle-10.pdf.Google Scholar
Association of Eritrean Students in North America. “People’s Militia Formed in Keren and Dekemhare.” Eritrea in Struggle 2.8 (1978b): 3. Accessed July 19, 2018 at www.marxists.org/history/erol/eritrea/eritrea-struggle-8.pdf.Google Scholar
Australian Council for Overseas Aid. “Report on Visit to East Timor for the AFCOA Timor Task Force [October 26, 1975].” Archived document contained in the Endangered Archives Program, 1975. Endangered Archives Program, British Library. EAP250/1/3/3/441. Accessed at the British Library on May 11, 2016.Google Scholar
Australia’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations. “DFA Inward Cablegram from New York O.UN4032 1927.” Archived Government Document, 1975a. National Archives of Australia. Series A1838. Control Symbol 3038/13/9/1 Part 1. October 10, 1975. Accessed in the National Archives of Australia Canberra Reading Room on February 15, 2016.Google Scholar
Australia’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations. “DFA Inward Cablegram O.UN3769 1325.” Archived Government Document, 1975b. National Archives of Australia. Series A1838/319. Control Symbol 3038/7/1 Part 3. September 11, 1975. Accessed in the National Archives of Australia Canberra Reading Room on February 15, 2016.Google Scholar
Australia’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations. “DFA Inward Cablegram O.UN3880 1857.” 1975c. National Archives of Australia. Series A1838/319. Control Symbol 3038/7/1 Part 3. September 23, 1975. Accessed in the National Archives of Australia Canberra Reading Room on February 15, 2016.Google Scholar
Australia’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations. “DFA Inward Cablegram from Australia’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations Regarding Text of FRETILIN Letter Circulated to the U.N. Security Council O.UN5482 1829.” Archived Government Document, 1976. National Archives of Australia. Series A1838. Control symbol 3038/2/2 Part 2. April 20, 1976. Accessed in the National Archives of Australia Canberra Reading Room on February 16, 2016.Google Scholar
Azani, Eitan. Hezbollah: The Story of the Party of God – From Revolution to Institutionalization. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.Google Scholar
Baczko, Adam, Dorronsoro, Gilles, and Quesnay, Arthur. Civil War in Syria: Mobilization and Competing Social Orders. Cambridge University Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Baker, Keith Michael and Edelstein, Dan. Scripting Revolution: A Historical Approach to the Comparative Study of Revolutions. Stanford University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Bakke, Kristin M.Copying and Learning from Outsiders? Assessing Diffusion from Transnational Insurgents in the Chechen Wars.” In Transnational Dynamics of Civil War, ed. Checkel, Jeffrey T.. Cambridge University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Balcells, Laia and Kalyvas, Stathis N. “Revolutionary Rebels and the Marxist Paradox.” Work in Progress, 2015. http://cpd.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/MarxIns_4_15.pdf. Accessed May 30, 2017.Google Scholar
Barma, Naazneen. The Peacebuilding Puzzle: Political Order in Post-conflict States. Cambridge University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Barn, David G. “Display of Captured ELF Arms.” F0 1043/71, 1968. Document 23. Archived Letter issued July 25, 1968. Accessed September 13, 2018 at the National Archives in Kew, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Barr, D. G. “U.K. Foreign and Commonwealth Office Letter.” FO 1043/72, 1969. Document 81. Archived Letter issued March 5, 1969. Accessed September 13, 2018 at the National Archives in Kew, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Batuman, Elif. “The Myth of the Megalith.” The New Yorker, 2014. Published December 18, 2014. www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/baalbek-myth-megalith. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Bayat, Assef. “Shari’ati and Marx: A Critique of an ‘Islamic’ Critique of Marxism.Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics 10 (1990): 1941.Google Scholar
Beach, Derek and Pedersen, Rasmus Brun. Process-Tracing Methods: Foundations and Guidelines. University of Michigan Press, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckert, Jens. “Institutional Isomorphism Revisited: Convergence and Divergence in Institutional Change.” Sociological Theory 28.2 (2010): 150–66.Google Scholar
Beissinger, Mark R. Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State. Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Bekkering, Harold, Wohlschlager, Andreas, and Gattis, Merideth. “Imitation of Gestures in Children Is Goal-Directed.” The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A 53.1 (2000): 153–64.Google Scholar
Bellows, John and Miguel, Edward. “War and Local Collective Action in Sierra Leone.” Journal of public Economics 93.11 (2009): 1144–57.Google Scholar
Bender, Gerald J.Angola: Left, Right and Wrong.” Foreign Policy 43 (1981): 5369.Google Scholar
Bennett, Andrew and Checkel, Jeffrey T.Process Tracing: From Philosophical Roots to Best Practices.” In Process Tracing: From Metaphor to Analytic Tool, eds. Bennett, Andrew, and Checkel, Jeffrey T., 337. Cambridge University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Bennett, Colin J.What Is Policy Convergence and What Causes It?British Journal of Political Science 21.2 (1991): 215–33.Google Scholar
Bereketeab, Redie. “Supra-Ethnic Nationalism: The Case of Eritrea.” African Sociological Review/Revue Africaine de Sociologie 6.2 (2002): 137–52.Google Scholar
Bereketeab, Redie. Eritrea: Making of a Nation 1890–1991. The Red Sea Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Berman, Eli and Laitin, David D.Religion, Terrorism and Public Goods: Testing the Club Model.” Journal of Public Economics 92.10 (2008): 1942–67.Google Scholar
Bimbi, Guido. “The National Liberation Struggle and the Liberation Fronts.” In The Eritrean Case: Proceedings of the Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal of the International League for the Rights and Liberation of Peoples: Session on Eritrea, Milan, Italy, May 24–6, 1980, ed. Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal. Research and Information Center on Eritrea, 1982.Google Scholar
Blattman, Christopher. “From Violence to Voting: War and Political Participation in Uganda.” American Political Science review 103.2 (2009): 231–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloom, Mia M.Palestinian Suicide Bombing: Public Support, Market Share, and Outbidding.” Political Science Quarterly 119.1 (2004): 6188.Google Scholar
Bob, Clifford. The Marketing of Rebellion: Insurgents, Media, and International Activism. Cambridge University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Bollen, Kenneth A. and Jackman, Robert W.Regression Diagnostics: An Expository Treatment of Outliers and Influential Cases.” Sociological Methods & Research 13.4 (1985): 510–42.Google Scholar
Bradbury, Mark, Leader, Nicholas, and Mackintosh, Kate. The “Agreement on Ground Rules” in South Sudan. Humanitarian Policy Group, Overseas Development Institute, 2000.Google Scholar
Breidlid, Anders. “The Role of Education in Sudan’s Civil War.” Prospects 43.1 (2013): 3547.Google Scholar
Brinton, Crane. The Anatomy of Revolution. Vintage Books, 1938/1965.Google Scholar
Brooke, Steven. “Jihadist Strategic Debates before 9/11.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 31.3 (2008): 201–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunk, Samuel. Emiliano Zapata: Revolution and Betrayal in Mexico. UNM Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Buhaug, Halvard. “Relative Capability and Rebel Objective in Civil War.” Journal of Peace Research 43.6 (2006): 691708.Google Scholar
Butcher, Charles R. and Griffiths, Ryan D.Between Eurocentrism and Babel: A Framework for the Analysis of States, State Systems, and International Orders.” International Studies Quarterly 61.2 (2017): 328–36.Google Scholar
Byman, Daniel. Deadly Connections. Cambridge University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabral, Amilcar. “Letter to Swedish Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency.” Archived Letter to Annika Elmberg, 1970a. National Archives of Sweden. SIDA. HANDL. ORDNADEENL.DOSSIERPLAN.F1AB-1188 (1966–72). Written in French and translated by author. Dated October 8, 1970 from Conarky. Accessed in the National Archives of Sweden in Taby, Sweden. May 7, 2018.Google Scholar
Cabral, Amilcar. Revolution in Guinea: Selected Texts. Monthly Review Press, 1970b.Google Scholar
Cabral, Amilcar. “Letter to Swedish Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency.” Archived Letter to the Director of SIDA, 1971a. National Archives of Sweden. SIDA. HANDL. ORDNADEENL.DOSSIERPLAN.F1AB-1188 (1966–72). Written in French and translated by author. Dated July 28, 1971 from Conarky. Accessed in the National Archives of Sweden in Taby, Sweden. 7 May. 2018.Google Scholar
Cabral, Amilcar. Our People Are Our Mountains, Amílcar Cabral on the Guinean Revolution. Committee for Freedom in Mozambique, Angola and Guinei, 1971b. Accessed June 12–13, 2019 at the Centro Intervenção para Desenvolvimento Amílcar Cabral (CIDAC), Lisbon. Number BAC-048/9.Google Scholar
Cabral, Amilcar. Return to the Source. NYU Press, 1974.Google Scholar
Cabral, Amilcar. Unity and Struggle: Speeches and Writings of Amilcar Cabral. Monthly Review Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Cabral, Estêvão and Martin-Jones, Marilyn. “Writing the Resistance: Literacy in East Timor 1975–1999.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 11.2 (2008): 149–69.Google Scholar
Callimachi, Rukmini. “Yemen Terror Boss Left Blueprint for Waging Jihad.” 2015. Published August 9, 2013. www.pulitzer.org/finalists/rukmini-callimachi-0. Accessed December 13, 2018.Google Scholar
Callimachi, Rukmini. “Freed from ISIS, Yazidi Women Return in ‘Severe Shock’.” New York Times. Published July 27, 2017. www.nytimes.com/2017/07/27/world/middleeast/isis-yazidi-women-rape-iraq-mosul-slavery.html. Accessed February 22, 2020.Google Scholar
Callimachi, Rukmini and Rossback, Andrew. “ISIS Files: Extreme Brutality and Detailed Record-Keeping.” 2018. Published April 4, 2018. www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/04/04/world/middleeast/isis-documents-photos.html?smid=tw-nytimes&smtyp=cur. Accessed January 17, 2020.Google Scholar
Cambanis, Thanassis. A Privilege to Die: Inside Hezbollah’s Legions and Their Endless War against Israel. Simon and Schuster, 2010.Google Scholar
Cammett, Melani. Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon. Cornell University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Castro, Fidel. “Sierra Maestra Manifesto.” 1957. July 12, 1957. www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuban-rebels/manifesto.htm. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Cederman, Lars-Erik, Weidmann, Nils B., and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede. “Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnonationalist Civil War: A Global Comparison.” American Political Science Review 105.3 (2011): 478–95.Google Scholar
Chabal, Patrick. “National Liberation in Portuguese Guinea, 1956–1974.” African Affairs 80.318 (1981): 7599.Google Scholar
Chabal, Patrick. Amílcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership and People’s War, vol. 37. CUP Archive, 1983.Google Scholar
Checkel, Jeffrey T.Transnational Dynamics of Civil War.” In Transnational Dynamics of Civil War, ed. Checkel, Jeffrey T.. Cambridge University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Chichava, Sérgio. “Mozambique and China: From Politics to Business.” Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Económicos, Lisbon 3 (2008).Google Scholar
Chien, Yu-wen. The Taiping Revolutionary Movement. Yale University Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. “Statement Delivered to the Fourth Committee of the United Nations Assembly.” Archived Statement to the United Nations, 1978. National Archives of Australia. Series A1838. Control Symbol 935/29/2 Part 3. November 1978. Accessed in the National Archives of Australia Canberra Reading Room, February 16, 2016.Google Scholar
Cliffe, Lionel. “Dramatic Shifts in the Military Balance in the Horn: The 1984 Eritrean Offensive.” Review of African Political Economy 11.30 (1984): 93–7.Google Scholar
Cliffe, Lionel. “The Eritrean Liberation Struggle in Comparative Perspective.” In The Long Struggle of Eritrea for Independence and Constructive Peace, eds. Cliffe, Lionel and Davidson, Basil, 87104. The Red Sea Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Coggins, Bridget. “Friends in High Places: International Politics and the Emergence of States from Secessionism.” International Organization 65.3 (2011): 433–67.Google Scholar
Coggins, Bridget. Power Politics and State Formation in the Twentieth Century: The Dynamics of Recognition. Cambridge University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Coggins, Bridget. “Rebel Diplomacy: Theorizing Violent Non-state Actors’ Strategic Use of Talk.” In Rebel Governance in Civil War, eds. Arjona, Ana, Kasfir, Nelson, and Mampilly, Zachariah, 98118. Cambridge University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Colgan, Jeff. “Measuring Revolution.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 29.4 (2012): 444–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colgan, Jeff D.Domestic Revolutionary Leaders and International Conflict.” World Politics 65.4 (2013): 656–90.Google Scholar
Colgan, Jeff D. and Weeks, Jessica L. P. “Revolution, Personalist Dictatorships, and International Conflict.” International Organization 69.1 (2015): 163–94.Google Scholar
Collelo, Thomas. “Angola: A Country Study.” Government Printing Office 550.59 (1991). https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/frd/frdcstdy/an/angolacountrystu00coll_0/angolacountrystu00coll_0.pdf. Accessed August 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Collier, Paul. “Economic Causes of Civil Conflict and Their Implications for Policy.” Oxford University Research Paper (2006). https://bit.ly/32PGzBm. Accessed February 22, 2020.Google Scholar
Collier, Paul and Hoeffler, Anke. “Greed and Grievance in Civil War.” Oxford Economic Papers 56.4 (2004): 563–95.Google Scholar
Connell, Dan. Against All Odds: A Chronicle of the Eritrean Revolution – With a New Foreword on the Postwar Transition. The Red Sea Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Connell, Dan. “Inside the EPLF: The Origins of the People’s Party and Its Role in the Liberation of Eritrea.” Review of African Political Economy 28.89 (2001): 345–64.Google Scholar
Connell, Dan. Taking on the Superpowers: Collected Articles on the Eritrean Revolution, 1976–1982, vol. 1. The Red Sea Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Connell, Dan. Historical Dictionary of Eritrea. Rowman & Littlefield, 2019.Google Scholar
Craig, John. Heroes, Rogues, and Spies. Lulu Books, 2012.Google Scholar
Crosby, J. M. “Reference.” F0 1043/71, 1968. Document 15. Archived Letter issued July 25, 1968. Accessed September 13, 2018 at the National Archives in Kew, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Cunningham, David E., Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede, and Salehyan, Idean. “It Takes Two: A Dyadic Analysis of Civil War Duration and Outcome.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 53.4 (2009): 570–97.Google Scholar
Da Silva, A. B. “Fretilin Popular Education 1973–1978 and Its Relevance to Timor-Leste Today.” PhD thesis, University of New England, Australia, 2012.Google Scholar
Daana, Saif. “Hezbollah in the July War: The Engineering Miracle.” Al-Manar. Translated by Nada Mousa and Mollie Todd. Published July 22, 2013. http://archive.almanar.com.lb/article.php?id=543497. Accessed March 21, 2017.Google Scholar
Davis, Jefferson. The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, vol. 1. Da Capo Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Davison, John. “Some Syrian Schools Erase Assad but Tensions Rise over Kurdish.” Reuters. Published September 7, 2017. Accessed February 22, 2020. www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-kurds/some-syrian-schools-erase-assad-but-tensions-rise-over-kurdish-idUSKCN1BI1X6.Google Scholar
De Waal, Alexander. Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa. Indiana University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Dekmejian, R Hrair. Islam in Revolution: Fundamentalism in the Arab World. Syracuse University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Department of Foreign Affairs, Government of Australia. “DFA Inward Cablegram O.JA8312 1400.” Archived Government Document, 1975. National Archives of Australia. Series A12389 2003. Control Symbol F10 Attachment 4. March 14, 1975. Accessed in the National Archives of Australia Canberra Reading Room on February 15, 2016.Google Scholar
Department of Peace and Conflict Research. “Definitions.” 2020. Uppsala University. Accessed February 22, 2020 at www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/definitions/#incompatibility_2.Google Scholar
Derik, Nujin. “We Fought for Our Democracy: Now Turkey Wants to Destroy it.” New York Times, January 29, 2018. www.nytimes.com/2018/01/29/opinion/turkey-erdogan-syria-kurds.html. Accessed September 20, 2018.Google Scholar
Derradji, Abder-Rahmane. The Algerian Guerrilla Campaign: Strategy and Tactics. Edwin Mellen Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Desta, Yemane. “Does the EPLF (Eritrean People’s Liberation Front) Qualify to Be a Learning Organization? A Modern Systems Theory Perspective.” Journal of Organisational Transformation & Social Change 6.1 (2009): 528.Google Scholar
Devkota, Bhimsen and van Teijlingen, Edwin R.Politicians in Apron: Case Study of Rebel Health Services in Nepal.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health 21.4 (2009): 377–84.Google Scholar
Devkota, Bhimsen and van Teijlingen, Edwin R.Understanding Effects of Armed Conflict on Health Outcomes: The Case of Nepal.” Conflict and Health 4.1 (2010): 20.Google Scholar
Dhada, Mustafah. Warriors at Work: How Guinea Was Really Set Free. University of Oklahoma Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Dhumale, Rahul and Sapcanin, Amela. An Application of Islamic Banking Principles to Microfinance. World Bank, 1998.Google Scholar
DiMaggio, Paul and Powell, Walter. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48.2 (1983): 147–60.Google Scholar
Dines, Mary. “The Land, the People and the Revolution.” In Behind the War in Eritrea, eds. Davidson, Basil, Cliffe, Lionel, and Selassie, Bereket H., 125–39. Spokesman Books, 1980.Google Scholar
Dobbin, Frank, Simmons, Beth, and Garrett, Geoffrey. “The Global Diffusion of Public Policies: Social Construction, Coercion, Competition, or Learning?Annual Review of Sociology, 33 (2007): 449–72.Google Scholar
Domont, Frédéric and Charara, Walid. Le Hezbollah: Un Mouvement Islamo-Nationaliste. Fayard, 2004.Google Scholar
Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt. Black Reconstruction in America: Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880. Transaction, 2013/1935.Google Scholar
Dunn, James. “Timor in International Perspective.” In East Timor at the Crossroads: The Forging of a Nation, eds. Carey, Peter B. R. and Bentley, G. Carter, 5972. University of Hawaii Press, 1995.Google Scholar
East African Department, UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. “Record of Meeting Held 1 November 1988 at 9 Cavendish Ave.” FCO 31/5385, 1988. Document 62A. Archived Letter November 1988. Accessed September 12, 2018 at the National Archives in Kew, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Efron, Bradley and Gong, Gail. “A Leisurely Look at the Bootstrap, the Jackknife, and Cross-Validation.” The American Statistician 37.1 (1983): 3648.Google Scholar
Efron, Bradley and Tibshirani, Robert. “Improvements on Cross-Validation: The 632+ Bootstrap Method.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 92.438 (1997): 548–60.Google Scholar
Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism Online. “Anti-Revisionism in Eritrea–Index Page.” ND. Website contains English-language documents of materials produced by the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front from the early 1970s until 1987. Accessed January 7, 2020 at www.marxists.org/history/erol/eritrea/.Google Scholar
Eritrean Liberation Front. Political Programme Approved by the 2nd National Congress of the ELF. The Eritrean Liberation Front, 1975.Google Scholar
Eritrean Liberation Front. Eritrean Liberation Front: 16 Years of Armed Struggle. The Eritrean Liberation Front, 1977.Google Scholar
Eritrean People’s Liberation Front. “National Democratic Programme.” Eritrean People’s Liberation Front, 1977a.Google Scholar
Eritrean People’s Liberation Front. “Vanguard: Official Monthly Organ of the EPLF.” 1977b. Vol. 2, No. 5. www.marxists.org/history/erol/eritrea/vanguard-2–5.pdf. Accessed November 19, 2019.Google Scholar
Eritrean People’s Liberation Front. “Victories Won by the EPLF in 1976.” 1977c. Vanguard Is the “Official Monthly Organ of the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front.” Published February–March 1977. www.marxists.org/history/erol/eritrea/vanguard-2–1.pdf. Accessed January 20, 2020.Google Scholar
Eritrean People’s Liberation Front. “Denounce US Imperialist Intervention in East Timor.” Eritrea in Struggle 2.10 (1978a): 5. www.marxists.org/history/erol/eritrea/eritrea-struggle-10.pdf. Accessed June 13, 2018.Google Scholar
Eritrean People’s Liberation Front. “EPLF Sends Message to the Internationalists.” Eritrea in Struggle 2.10 (1978b): 45. www.marxists.org/history/erol/eritrea/eritrea-struggle-10.pdf. Accessed June 13, 2018.Google Scholar
Eritrean People’s Liberation Front. Selected Articles from EPLF Publications (1973–1980). The Eritrean People’s Liberation Front, 1982.Google Scholar
Eritrean People’s Liberation Front. “Letter from the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front to President Ronald Reagan.” Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, 1986. Letter, White House Office of Records Management (WHORM) Subject File category ME: 384645. September 24, 1986. Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
Eritrean People’s Liberation Front. “Political Report and National Democratic Programme: Adopted at the Second and Unity Congress of the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front and the Eritrean Liberation Front.” Published by the People’s Front for Democracy and Justice, 2007. Hdri Publishers, Asmara. http://snitna.com/Second%20Congress_English.pdf. Accessed June 13, 2018.Google Scholar
Erlanger, Steven and Oppel, Richard A. Jr. “A Disciplined Hezbollah Surprises Israel with Its Training, Tactics and Weapons.” New York Times. Published August 7, 2006. www.nytimes.com/2006/08/07/world/middleeast/07hezbollah.html. Accessed July 28, 2017.Google Scholar
Fadlallah, Shaykh Muhammad Hussayn and Soueid, Mahmoud. “Islamic Unity and Political Change. Interview with Shaykh Muhammad Hussayn Fadlallah.” Journal of Palestine Studies 25.1 (1995): 6175.Google Scholar
Favali, Lyda and Pateman, Roy. Blood, Land, and Sex: Legal and Political Pluralism in Eritrea. Indiana University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Fawaz, Mona. “Agency and Ideology in the Service Provision of Islamic Organizations in the Southern Suburb of Beirut, Lebanon.” In NGOs and Governance in the Arab World, eds. Ben-Nefissa, Sarah, Al-Fattah, Nabil Abd, Hanafi, Sari and Milani, Carlos, 229–58. American University in Cairo Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Fazal, Tanisha M. and Griffiths, Ryan D.Membership Has Its Privileges: The Changing Benefits of Statehood.” International Studies Review 16.1 (2014): 79106.Google Scholar
Fearon, James D. and Laitin, David D.Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.” American Political Science Review 97.01 (2003): 7590.Google Scholar
Feng, Chongyi and Goodman, David S. G. North China at War: The Social Ecology of Revolution, 1937–1945. Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.Google Scholar
Finnemore, Martha. “Norms, Culture, and World Politics: Insights from Sociology’s Institutionalism.” International organization 50.2 (1996): 325–47.Google Scholar
Finnemore, Martha and Sikkink, Kathryn. “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.” International organization 52.4 (1998): 887917.Google Scholar
Firebrace, James and Holland, Stuart. Never Kneel Down. Red Sea Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Firmo-Fontan, Victoria. Power, NGOs and Lebanese Television: A Case Study of Al-Manar TV and the Hezbollah Women’s Association. No publisher, 2004.Google Scholar
Flanigan, Shawn Teresa and Abdel-Samad, Mounah. “Hezbollah’s Social Jihad: Nonprofits As Resistance Organizations.” Middle East Policy 16.2 (2009): 122–37.Google Scholar
Fleischman, Richard, Tyson, Thomas, and Oldroyd, David. “The US Freedmen’s Bureau in Post-Civil War Reconstruction.” Accounting Historians Journal 41.2 (2014): 75109.Google Scholar
Florea, Adrian. “De Facto States in International Politics (1945–2011): A New Data Set.” International Interactions 40.5 (2014): 788811.Google Scholar
Flynn, D. J. and Stewart, Megan A.Secessionist Social Services Reduce the Public Costs of Civilian Killings: Experimental Evidence from the United States and the United Kingdom.” Research & Politics 5.4 (2018): 2053168018810077.Google Scholar
Fortna, Virginia Page. “Do Terrorists Win? Rebels’ Use of Terrorism and Civil War Outcomes.” International Organization 69.3 (2015): 519–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franke, Wolfgang. A Century of Chinese Revolution, 1851–1949. University of South Carolina Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Franks, Emma. “Women and Resistance in East Timor: The Centre, As They Say, Knows Itself by the Margins.MSL Women’s Studies International Forum 19.1–2 (1996): 155–68.Google Scholar
FRELIMO. “Troisième Congrès du FRELIMO: Rapport du Comite Central.” 1977. Accessed June 11–12, 2019 at the Fundação Mário Soares, Lisbon.Google Scholar
FRETILIN. “FRETILIN Manual e Programa Políticos.” Casa Comum Online Archive, 1974. http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=05005.002#!33. Accessed June 25, 2018.Google Scholar
FRETILIN. “Democratic Republic of Timor Leste Press Release.” Archived FRETILIN Press Release, 1976a. March 3, 1976. Accessed at the Resistance Museum and Archives, Dili, East Timor on February 9, 2016.Google Scholar
FRETILIN. “FRETILIN Press Release from March 3, 1976.” Archived Press Release, 1976b. Issued March 3, 1976. Accessed February 9, 2016 at the Resistance Museum and Archives, Dili, East Timor.Google Scholar
FRETILIN. “Declaration of Mari Bin Hamid Alkatiri, CCF Member, Minister of Foreign Relations before the 32nd General Assembly of the United Nations.” Archived FRETILIN Statement to the United Nations, 1977. Accessed at the Resistance Museum and Archives, Dili, East Timor on February 9, 2016.Google Scholar
FRETILIN. “Statement Delivered to the 4th Committee of the United Nations General Assembly by the Delegation of the Democratic Republic of Timor East Timor. Declaracao proferida per ante o quarto comite da Assemblia Geral das Nacoes Unidas pro Abilio Arajo e Olimpio Branco.” Archived FRETILIN Statement to the United Nations, 1978. November 1978. Accessed at the Resistance Museum and Archives, Dili, East Timor on February 11, 2016.Google Scholar
FRETILIN. “Statement by the FRETILIN Delegation to the 4th Committee during Discussions on the Question of East Timor. Discurso de Jose Ramos Horta, Membro do Delegecao de FRETILIN, present no Quarto Comite da 33 Assembleia Geral das Nacoes Unidas sobre a discussao de Questao de Timor.” Archived FRETILIN Statement to the United Nations, 1979. October 23, 1979. From the Resistance Museum and Archives, Dili, East TimorAccessed at the Resistance Museum and Archives, Dili, East Timor on February 11, 2016.Google Scholar
Friedman, Jeremy. Shadow Cold War: The Sino-Soviet Competition for the Third World. UNC Press Books, 2015.Google Scholar
Fry, Kenneth. “Report on Visit to Portuguese East Timor by Senator Gietzelt and K. L. Fry [September 24, 1975].” Archived document contained in the Endangered Archives Program, 1975. Endangered Archives Program, British Library. EAP250/1/3/3/445. September 24, 1975. Accessed at the British Library on May 11, 2016.Google Scholar
Galula, David. Counterinsurgency Warfare: Theory and Practice. Preager Security International, Greenwood Publishing Group, Kindle edition, 2006.Google Scholar
Garang, John. John Garang Speaks. Kegan Paul International Ltd., 1987.Google Scholar
Garang, John. The Call for Democracy in Sudan. Kegan Paul International Ltd., 1992.Google Scholar
Garang, John. “This Convention Is Sovereign: Opening and Closing Speeches of Dr John Garang de Mabior to the first SPLM/SPLA National Convention.” SPLM Secretariat of Information and Culture 17 (1994). https://sudanarchive.net/cgi-bin/pagessoa?a=pdf&d=Dn1d222.1.1&dl=1&sim=Screen2Image.6. Accessed August 2018.Google Scholar
George, Alexander L., et al. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. MIT Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Gerring, John, Ziblatt, Daniel, Gorp, Van, Johan, , and Arevalo, Julian. “An Institutional Theory of Direct and Indirect Rule.” World Politics 63.3 (2011): 377433.Google Scholar
Gettleman, Jeffrey. “After Years of Struggle, South Sudan Becomes a New Nation.” New York Times, 2011. Published May 20, 2002. www.nytimes.com/2011/07/10/world/africa/10sudan.html?mtrref=www.google.com. Accessed August 22, 2018.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Michael J., Pasquale, Benjamin J., and Samii, Cyrus. “Civil War and Social Cohesion: Lab-in-the-Field Evidence from Nepal.” American Journal of Political Science 58.3 (2014): 604–19.Google Scholar
Girod, Desha M.Effective Foreign Aid Following Civil War: The Nonstrategic-Desperation Hypothesis.” American Journal of Political Science 56.1 (2012): 188201.Google Scholar
Girod, Desha M. Explaining Post-Conflict Reconstruction. Oxford University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede. “Transnational Dimensions of Civil War.” Journal of Peace Research 44.3 (2007): 293309.Google Scholar
Gleditsch, Nils Petter and Rudolfsen, Ida. “Are Muslim Countries More Prone to Violence?Research & Politics 3.2 (2016): 2053168016646392.Google Scholar
Gleis, Joshua L and Berti, Benedetta. Hezbollah and Hamas: A Comparative Study. JHU Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Gneezy, Ayelet and Fessler, Daniel M. T. “Conflict, Sticks and Carrots: War Increases Prosocial Punishments and Rewards.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 279.1727 (2011): 219–23.Google Scholar
Goldstone, Jack A. Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World. University of California Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Goldstone, Jack A.Toward a Fourth Generation of Revolutionary Theory.” Annual Review of Political Science 4.1 (2001): 139–87.Google Scholar
González Navarro, Moisés. “Zapata y la revolución agraria mexicana.” Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brésilien (1967): 531.Google Scholar
Goodwin, Jeff. No Other Way Out: States and Revolutionary Movements, 1945–1991. Cambridge University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Gorjao, Paulo. “The End of a Cycle: Australian and Portuguese Foreign Policies and the Fate of East Timor.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 23.1 (2001): 101–21.Google Scholar
Government of Australia. “Portuguese African Colonies: Self-Determination.” Archived Government Document, 1975a. National Archives of Australia. Series A1838/319. Control Symbol 3038/7/1 Part 3. September 29, 1975. Accessed in the National Archives of Australia Canberra Reading Room on February 15, 2016.Google Scholar
Government of Australia. “Report on Timorese Democratic Union.” Archived Government Document, 1975b. National Archives of Australia. Series A1838. Control symbol 3038/2/2 Part 2. September 29, 1975. Accessed in the National Archives of Australia Canberra Reading Room on February 16, 2016.Google Scholar
Greenlees, Don and Garran, Robert. Deliverance: The Inside Story of East Timor’s Fight for Freedom. Allen & Unwin, 2003.Google Scholar
Griffin, Patricia E. The Chinese Communist Treatment of Counterrevolutionaries, 1924–1949. Princeton University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Grynkewich, Alexus G.Welfare as Warfare: How Violent Non-state Groups Use Social Services to Attack the State.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 31.4 (2008): 350–70.Google Scholar
Guevara, Che. Guerrilla Warfare. SR Books, Rowman & Littlefield, 2002. Revised by Brian Loveman and Thomas Davies, Jr.Google Scholar
Guevara, Che. Congo Diary: The Story of Che Guevara’s ‘Lost’ Year in Africa. Ocean Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Guillou, Anne Y.The Question of Land in Cambodia: Perceptions, Access, and Use since Decollectivization.” Moussons: Recherche en sciences humaines sur l’Asie du Sud-Est 9–10 (2006): 299324.Google Scholar
Gunes, Cengiz. The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance. Routledge, 2013.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez Sanín, Francisco and Wood, Elisabeth Jean. “Ideology in Civil War: Instrumental Adoption and Beyond.” Journal of Peace Research 51.2 (2014): 213–26.Google Scholar
Guy, Frances. “Visit of Sudanese Defense Minister to Addis: Ethiopian ELF Talks.” FCO 31/5385, 1988. Document 63. Archived Teleletter, October 1988. Accessed September 12, 2018 at the National Archives in Kew, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Haid, Haid. “Is the Raqqa Civilian Council Fit for Purpose?” Chatham House Report, 2017. Published October 2017. https://syria.chathamhouse.org/research/is-the-raqqa-civilian-council-fit-for-purpose. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Hajjar, Sami G. et al. Hizballah: Terrorism, National Liberation, or Menace? DIANE Publishing, 2002.Google Scholar
Hall, Simon. “A Lebanese Fragment: Two Days with Hizbollah.” Open Democracy, 2006. Published July 20, 2006. www.opendemocracy.net/globalization/hizbollah_3757.jsp. Accessed April 12, 2018.Google Scholar
Hall, Simon. “Fidel Castro and the Revolution That Almost Wasn’t.” The Conversation, 2016. Accessed October 11, 2019 at http://theconversation.com/fidel-castro-and-the-revolution-that-almost-wasnt-69659.Google Scholar
Hamzeh, Ahmad Nizar. In the Path of Hezbollah. Syracuse University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Hannan, Michael T. and Freeman, John. Organizational Ecology. Harvard University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Harb, Mona and Leenders, Reinoud. “Know Thy Enemy: Hizbullah, ‘Terrorism’ and the Politics of Perception.” Third World Quarterly 26.1 (2005): 173–97.Google Scholar
Harcourt, Bernard E. and Ludwig, Jens. “Broken Windows: New Evidence from New York City and a Five-City Social Experiment.” University of Chicago Law Review 73 (2006): 271.Google Scholar
Harwell, Emily. “Sue Ingram.” Archived document contained in the Endangered Archives Program, 2004. Endangered Archives Program, British Library. EAP250/1/3/3/200. August 5, 2004. Accessed at the British Library on May 9, 2016.Google Scholar
Hausman, David. “Interview with Tito Rutaremara.” 2010. Interview held May 26, 2010 in Kigali Rwanda. Transcript published by Princeton University’s Innovations for Successful Societies Oral History Program. Accessed September 6, 2018 at https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/sites/successfulsocieties/files/interviews/transcripts/3365/Tito_Rutaremara.pdf.Google Scholar
Heger, Lindsay L. and Jung, Danielle F.Negotiating with Rebels: The Effect of Rebel Service Provision on Conflict Negotiations.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 61.6 (2017): 1203–29.Google Scholar
Hendrix, Cullen S.Measuring State Capacity: Theoretical and Empirical Implications for the Study of Civil Conflict.” Journal of Peace Research 47.3 (2010): 273–85.Google Scholar
Henriksen, Thomas H.Marxism and Mozambique.” African Affairs 77.309 (1978): 441–62.Google Scholar
Hepner, Tricia M. Redeker. Soldiers, Martyrs, Traitors, and Exiles: Political Conflict in Eritrea and the Diaspora. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Herbst, Jeffrey. States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control. Princeton University Press, 2000/2014.Google Scholar
Heston, Alan, Summers, Robert, and Aten, Bettina. “Penn World Tables Version 7.1.” Center for International Comparisons at the University of Pennsylvania, 2012.Google Scholar
Hicks, David. Rhetoric and the Decolonization and Recolonization of East Timor, vol. 68. Routledge, 2014.Google Scholar
Higonnet, Patrice L.-R. “The Politics of Linguistic Terrorism and Grammatical Hegemony during the French Revolution.” Social History 5.1 (1980): 4169.Google Scholar
Hill, Helen Mary. Fretilin: The Origins, Ideologies and Strategies of a Nationalist Movement in East Timor. Center for Continuing Education, Australian National University, 1978.Google Scholar
Högbladh, Stina, Pettersson, Therese, and Themnér, Lotta. “External Support in Armed Conflict 1975–2009: Presenting New Data.” 52nd Annual International Studies Association Convention, Montreal, Canada, 2011, 1619.Google Scholar
Horne, Alistair. A Savage War of Peace. Viking Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Houtart, Francois. “The Social Revolution in Eritrea.” In Behind the War in Eritrea, eds. Davidson, Basil, Cliffe, Lionel, and Selassie, Bereket H.. Spokesman Books, 1980.Google Scholar
Huang, Philip C. C. “Rural Class Struggle in the Chinese Revolution: Representational and Objective Realities from the Land Reform to the Cultural Revolution.” Modern China 21.1 (1995): 105–43.Google Scholar
Huang, Reyko. “Rebel Diplomacy in Civil War.” International Security 40.4 (2016a): 89126.Google Scholar
Huang, Reyko. The Wartime Origins of Democratization: Civil War, Rebel Governance, and Political Regimes. Cambridge University Press, 2016b.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch/Africa and Human Rights Watch Children’s Rights Project. “The Scars of Death: Children Abducted by the Lord’s Resistance Army in Uganda.” 1997.Google Scholar
Hunt, Edward. “The Kurdish Dilemma.” 2018. Jacobin Magazine. Published April 12, 2018. www.jacobinmag.com/2018/04/syrian-kurds-rojava-trump-united-states-support. Accessed November 11, 2018.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. Political Order in Changing Societies. Yale University Press, 1968/2006.Google Scholar
International Committee of the Red Cross. “Situation in Timor, Report of the delegation from [September 1, 1975–6].” Archived document contained in the Endangered Archives Program, 2004. Endangered Archives Program, British Library. EAP250/1/3/3/247. September 1, 1975. Accessed at the British Library on May 9, 2016.Google Scholar
State, Islamic. “Dabiq: The Return of the Khalifah.” 2014. The Islamic State lists its publication according to the Islamic calendar and the publication for this title is Ramadan 1435, meaning approximately June/July 2014. https://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/islamic-state-22dc481biq-magazine-122.pdf. Accessed March 13, 2019.Google Scholar
State, Islamic. Islamic State Administrative Documents. Translated by Aymenn Jawad. See specimen 5I. www.aymennjawad.org/2015/01/archive-of-islamic-state-administrative-documents, 2015.Google Scholar
Iyob, Ruth. The Eritrean Struggle for Independence: Domination, Resistance, Nationalism, 1941–1993, vol. 82. Cambridge University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Jaber, Hala. Hezbollah: Born with a Vengeance. Columbia University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Jackson, Ashley. “Life under the Taliban Shadow Government.” 2018. ODI Report. June. Overseas Development Institute, London.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Alan M.Process Tracing the Effects of Ideas.” In Process Tracing: From Metaphor to Analytic Tool, ed. Checkel, Jeffrey and Bennet, Andrew, 4173. Cambridge University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Jardine, Matthew. “East Timor, the United Nations, and the International Community: Force Feeding Human Rights into the Institutionalised Jaws of Failure.” Pacifica Review: Peace, Security & Global Change 12.1 (2000): 4762.Google Scholar
Jenkins, H. T. F. “Confidential Letter from East African Department, U.K. Foreign and Common-wealth Office.” FCO 31/5384, 1988. Document 31. Archived Letter issued August 24, 1988. Accessed September 12, 2018 at the National Archives in Kew, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Jenne, Erin K. Ethnic Bargaining: The Paradox of Minority Empowerment. Cornell University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Jenne, Erin K., Saideman, Stephen M., and Lowe, Will. “Separatism As a Bargaining Posture: The Role of Leverage in Minority Radicalization.” Journal of Peace Research 44.5 (2007): 539–58.Google Scholar
Johnson, Chalmers A. Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power: The Emergence of Revolutionary China, 1937–1945. Stanford University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Johnson, Douglas H.The Sudan People’s Liberation Army and the Problem of Factionalism.” African Guerrillas, ed. Calpham, Christopher, 5372. Indiana University Press and James Currey, 1998.Google Scholar
Johnson, Douglas H. The Root Causes of Sudan’s Civil Wars, vol. 601. Taylor and Francis, 2003.Google Scholar
Jolliffe, Jill. East Timor: Nationalism and Colonialism. University of Queensland Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Justin, Peter Hakim and van Dijk, Han. “Land Reform and Conflict in South Sudan: Evidence from Yei River County.” Africa Spectrum 52.2 (2017): 328.Google Scholar
Kahveci, Riad. “Hezbollah and the Strategy of Fatigue and Options, ‘Israel’.” Al-Moqawama. Translated by Mollie Todd. Published December 9, 1998. www.moqawama.org/essaydetailsf.php?eid=7281&fid=29. Accessed October 18, 2018.Google Scholar
Kalev, Alexandra, Dobbin, Frank, and Kelly, Erin. “Best Practices or Best Guesses? Assessing the Efficacy of Corporate Affirmative Action and Diversity Policies.” American Sociological Review 71.4 (2006): 589617.Google Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis. “‘New’ and ‘Old’ Civil Wars: A Valid Distinction?World Politics 54.1 (2001): 99118.Google Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Cambridge University Press, Kindle edition, 2006.Google Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis. “Rebel Governance During the Greek Civil War.” Rebel Governance in Civil War, eds. Arjona, Ana, Kasfir, Nelson, and Mampilly, Zachariah. Cambridge University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis. “Jihadi Rebels in Civil War.” Dædalus 147.1 (2018): 3647.Google Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis N. and Balcells, Laia. “International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict.” American Political Science Review 104.03 (2010): 415–29.Google Scholar
Kasfir, Nelson. “Dilemmas of Popular Support in Guerrilla War: The National Resistance Army in Uganda – 1981–86.” Journal of Modern African Studies 43 (2002): 271–96.Google Scholar
Kasfir, Nelson. “Guerrillas and Civilian Participation: The National Resistance Army in Uganda, 1981–86.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 43.2 (2005): 271–96.Google Scholar
Katz, Friedrich. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Keck, Margaret E. and Sikkink, Kathryn. Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Cornell University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Khalaf, Rana. “Governance without Government in Syria: Civil Society and State Building During Conflict.” Syria Studies 7.3 (2015): 3772.Google Scholar
Khalil, Ahmad. “A Teacher in Raqqa, Living under ISIS Rule.” News Deeply, Syria Deeply. Published November 18, 2014. www.newsdeeply.com/syria/articles/2014/11/18/a-teacher-in-raqqa-living-under-isis-rule. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Khashan, Hilal and Mousawi, Ibrahim. “Hizbullah’s Jihad Concept.Journal of Religion & Society 9 (2007): 119.Google Scholar
Khatib, Lina, Matar, Dina, and Alshaer, Atef. The Hizbullah Phenomenon: Politics and Communication. Oxford University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Tom, Killion. “Interview with Comrade Al-Amin Mohamed Said.” Hoover Institution Library and Archives. Tom Killion Papers. Call number 2017C40. Box 12. Folder 20 (1981).Google Scholar
Tom, Killion. “Interview with Issayas Afeworki Secretary-General of the E.P.L.F.” Hoover Institution Library and Archives. Tom Killion Papers. Call number 2017C40. Box 4. Folder 28 (Research Notes: Isaias Afewerki 1987–1993) (1987).Google Scholar
Knapp, Michael, Flach, Anja, Ayboga, Ercan, Graeber, David Rolfe, and Abdullah, Aysa. Revolution in Rojava: Democratic Autonomy and Women’s Liberation in Syrian Kurdistan. Pluto Press, Kindle edition, 2016.Google Scholar
Kreutz, Joakim. “How and When Armed Conflicts End: Introducing the UCDP Conflict Termination Dataset.” Journal of Peace Research 47.2 (2010): 243–50.Google Scholar
Lacina, Bethany and Gleditsch, Nils Petter. “Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths.” European Journal of Population/Revue européenne de Démographie 21.2–3 (2005): 145–66.Google Scholar
Lake, David A. The Statebuilder’s Dilemma: On the Limits of Foreign Intervention. Cornell University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Larkin, Bruce D. China and Africa, 1949–1970: The Foreign Policy of the People’s Republic of China. University of California Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Larson, Jennifer M., and Lewis, Janet I. “Rumors, Kinship Networks, and Rebel Group Formation.International Organization 72.4 (2018): 871903.Google Scholar
Laub, Zachary and Masters, Jonathan. “CFR Backgrounders: The Islamic State.” Council on Foreign Relations, 2016. www.cfr.org/backgrounder/islamic-state. Accessed January 17, 2020.Google Scholar
Lawless, Robert. “The Indonesian Takeover of East Timor.” Asian Survey 16.10 (1976): 948–64.Google Scholar
Lawrence, Adria. Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-colonial Protest in the French Empire. Cambridge University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Lawson, George. Anatomies of Revolution. Cambridge University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Lawson, Yvette. “East Timor: Roots Continue to Grow [August 1, 1989].” Archived document contained in the Endangered Archives Program, 1989. Endangered Archives Program, British Library. EAP250/1/3/3/409. August 1, 1989. Accessed at the British Library on May 13, 2016.Google Scholar
Lee, Melissa M.The International Politics of Incomplete Sovereignty: How Hostile Neighbors Weaken the State.International Organization. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
Lee, Melissa M. Crippling Leviathan: How Foreign Subversion Weakens the State. In progress. Book project.Google Scholar
Leng, Shao-Chuan. “The Role of Law in the People’s Republic of China as Reflecting Mao TseTung’s Influence.” The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973–) 68.3 (1977): 356–73.Google Scholar
Lenin, Vladimir Il’ich and Chretien, Todd. State and Revolution. Haymarket Books, electronic book edition, 2015.Google Scholar
Lennox, Rowena. Fighting Spirit of East Timor: The Life of Martinho da Costa Lopes. Pluto Press Australia, 2000.Google Scholar
Leonard, Richard. “Popular Participation in Liberation and Revolution.” In The Long Struggle of Eritrea for Independence and Constructive Peace, eds. Cliffe, Lionel and Davidson, Basil, 105–35. Red Sea Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Leonardi, Cherry. Dealing with Government in South Sudan: Histories of Chiefship, Community and State. Boydell & Brewer Ltd., 2013.Google Scholar
LeRiche, Matthew and Arnold, Matthew. South Sudan: From Revolution to Independence. Oxford University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Levitt, Steven D.Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six That Do Not.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 18.1 (2004): 163–90.Google Scholar
Lia, Brynjar and Hegghammer, Thomas. “Jihadi Strategic Studies: The Alleged al Qaida Policy Study Preceding the Madrid Bombings.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 27.5 (2004): 355–75.Google Scholar
Lidow, Nicholai Hart. Violent Order: Understanding Rebel Governance through Liberia’s Civil War. Cambridge University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Lister, Charles. The Free Syrian Army: A Decentralized Insurgent Brand. The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World. Number 24. Brookings Institution, 2016a.Google Scholar
Lister, Charles. Profiling Jabhat al-Nusra. Brookings Institution, 2016b.Google Scholar
Rui, Lopes and Víctor, Barros. “Amílcar Cabral and the Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions.The International History Review (2019), https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118.Google Scholar
Los Angeles Times. “Moroccan Troops Make Their First Move in Zaire.” Los Angeles Times, April 17, 1977. Accessed via Proquest, June 27, 2014.Google Scholar
Love, James B. “Hezbollah: Social Services As a Source of Power.” Technical report, Joint Special Operations University, Hulbert Field, Florida, 2010.Google Scholar
Lovejoy, Paul E. Jihād in West Africa during the Age of Revolutions. Ohio University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Lovell, Julia. Maoism: A Global History. Penguin Random House, 2019.Google Scholar
Lucas, I. T. M. “Southern Yemen Support for the ELF.” FCO 31/301, 1969. Document 13. Issued March 20, 1969. Accessed September 13, 2018 at the National Archives in Kew, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Lynch, John. “Simón Bolivar and the Age of Revolution.” ISA Working Papers 10 (1983).Google Scholar
Lynch, John. Simón Bolívar: A Life. Yale University Press, Kindle edition, 2006.Google Scholar
Lyons, Terrence. “Conflict-Generated Diasporas and Transnational Politics in Ethiopia: Analysis.” Conflict, Security & Development 7.4 (2007): 529–49.Google Scholar
Macias, Anna. “Women and the Mexican Revolution, 1910–1920.” The Americas 37.1 (1980): 5382.Google Scholar
Mahanta, Nani Gopal. Confronting the State: ULFA’s Quest for Sovereignty. SAGE Publications India, 2013.Google Scholar
Malejacq, Romain. “From Rebel to Quasi-state: Governance, Diplomacy and Legitimacy in the Midst of Afghanistan’s Wars (1979–2001).” Small Wars & Insurgencies 28.4–5 (2017): 867–86.Google Scholar
Malet, David. “Workers of the World, Unite! Communist Foreign Fighters 1917–1991.European Review of History. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
Mamdani, Mahmood. “Historicizing Power and Responses to Power: Indirect Rule and its Reform.” Social Research (1999): 859–86.Google Scholar
Mamdani, Mahmood. When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Princeton University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Mampilly, Zachariah. Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life during War. Cornell University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Mampilly, Zachariah and Stewart, Megan A. “Rebel Governing Institutions.” Working paper. ND.Google Scholar
Mannes, Aaron. “Dangerous Liaisons: Hamas after the Assassination of Yassin.” Middle East Intelligence Bulletin 6.4 (2004). www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0404pal1.htm. Accessed November 24, 2019.Google Scholar
Mao, Tse-Tung. On Guerrilla Warfare. US Marine Corps, 1989/1937. Document FMFRP 12–18. Published April 5, 1989. Translated by Brigadier General Samuel B. Griffith. https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/FMFRP%2012–18%20%20Mao%20Tse-tung%20on%20Guerrilla%20Warfare.pdf. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Mao, Tse-Tung. Selected Military Writings of Mao Tse-Tung. Praetorian Press LLC, electronic book edition, 2011.Google Scholar
March, James G. and Olsen, Johan P.The Logic of Appropriateness.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Science, ed. Goodin, Robert E., 478–97. Oxford University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Marcus, Aliza. Blood and Belief: The PKK and the Kurdish Fight for Independence. New York University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Markakis, John. “The Nationalist Revolution in Eritrea.The Journal of Modern African Studies 26.1 (1988): 5170.Google Scholar
Markakis, John. National and Class Conflict in the Horn of Africa. Zed Books, 1990.Google Scholar
Marker, Jamsheed. East Timor: A Memoir of the Negotiations for Independence. McFarland, 2003.Google Scholar
Martin, Ian. Self-Determination in East Timor: The United Nations, the Ballot, and International Intervention. Lynne Rienner, 2001.Google Scholar
Mason, M. Chris. “Strategic Insights: The Mysterious Case of the Vanishing Taliban.” Strategic Studies Institute, Army War College. Published August 1, 2016. https://publications.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/3322.pdf. Accessed September 6, 2018.Google Scholar
Mathiez, Albert. “Le Bolchevisme et le Jacobinisme [Bolshevism and Jacobinism].” 1920. Paris, Librairie du Parti Socialiste et de l’Humanité. Translated by Mitchell Abidor. www.marxists.org/history/france/revolution/mathiez/1920/bolshevism-jacobinism.htm. Accessed March 22, 2018.Google Scholar
Matthews, Herbert. “Cuban Rebel Is Visited in Hideout.” Published February 24, 1957. https://static01.nyt.com/packages/html/books/matthews/matthews022457.pdf. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Mayer, Robert. “Lenin and the Jacobin Identity in Russia.” Studies in East European Thought 51.2 (1999): 127–54.Google Scholar
McClellan, George B. Report of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan Upon the Organization of the Army of the Potomac and Its Campaigns in Virginia and Maryland from July 26, 1861, to November 7, 1862. Constitutional Union Office, Washington, DC, 1864.Google Scholar
McCloskey, Stephen and Hainsworth, Paul. East Timor Question: The Struggle for Independence from Indonesia. I.B. Tauris, 2000.Google Scholar
McColl, Robert W.The Insurgent State: Territorial Bases of Revolution.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 59.4 (1969): 613–31.Google Scholar
Mellon, Ruby. “A Brief History of the Syrian Democratic Forces, the Kurdishled Alliance that Helped the U.S. Defeat the Islamic State.” Published October 7, 2019. www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/10/07/brief-history-syrian-democratic-forces-kurdish-led-alliance-that-helped-us-defeat-islamic-state/. Accessed January 17, 2020.Google Scholar
Merryman, John Henry. “The French Deviation.” The American Journal of Comparative Law 44.1 (1996): 109–19.Google Scholar
Metelits, Claire. Inside Insurgency: Violence, Civilians, and Revolutionary Group Behavior. New York University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Meyer, John W. and Rowan, Brian. “Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony.” American Journal of Sociology (1977): 340–63.Google Scholar
Migdal, Joel S. Peasants, Politics and Revolution: Pressures toward Political and Social Change in the Third World. Princeton University Press, 1975/2015.Google Scholar
Miles, Renanah and Fortna, Page. “Extremism and Terrorism: Rebel Goals and the Use of Terrorism in Civil Wars.” 2017. Paper presented at the 2017 American Political Science Association Meeting, San Francisco, CA.Google Scholar
Minahan, James. Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: DK, vol. 2. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002.Google Scholar
Minden, Karen. “The Development of Early Chinese Communist Health Policy: Health Care in the Border Region, 1936–1949.” The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 7.4 (1979): 299315.Google Scholar
Mondlane, Eduardo. The Struggle for Mozambique. Zed Books, 1983.Google Scholar
National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START). “Hizballah.” 2015. Global Terrorism Database. Last updated April 2015. www.start.umd.edu/baad/narratives/hizballah#_edn35. Accessed April 10, 2018.Google Scholar
Nevins, Joseph. A Not-So-Distant Horror: Mass Violence in East Timor. Cornell University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Nexon, Daniel H. and Wright, Thomas. “What’s at Stake in the American Empire Debate.” American Political Science Review 101.2 (2007): 253–71.Google Scholar
Nicol, Bill. Timor: A Nation Reborn. Equinox Publishing, 2002.Google Scholar
Nielsen, Richard A. Deadly Clerics: Blocked Ambition and the Paths to Jihad. Cambridge University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Nordland, Rod. “Women Are Free, and Armed, in Kurdish-Controlled Northern Syria.” New York Times. Published February 24, 2018. www.nytimes.com/2018/02/24/world/middleeast/syria-kurds-womens-rights-gender-equality.html?smid=tw-share. Accessed March 6, 2018Google Scholar
North, Douglass C., Wallis, John Joseph, and Weingast, Barry R. Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. Cambridge University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Norton, Augustus Richard. Hezbollah: A Short History. Princeton University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Nyaba, Peter Adwok. Politics of Liberation in South Sudan: An Insider’s View. Fountain, 1997.Google Scholar
O’Ballance, Edgar. The Greek Civil War, 1944–1949. Faber, 1966.Google Scholar
O’Ballance, Edgar. The Algerian Insurrection, 1954–1962. Archon Books, 1967.Google Scholar
Ohanjanian, A.Taiping Agrarian Policy: Some Chinese and Soviet Views.Pacific Affairs 39.1/2 (1966): 128–34.Google Scholar
Öhm, Manfred. War and Statehood in South Sudan. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2014.Google Scholar
O’Kane, David and Hepner, Tricia Redeker. Biopolitics, Militarism, and Development: Eritrea in the Twenty-First Century, vol. 6. Berghahn Books, 2013.Google Scholar
Olson, Mancur. “Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development.” American Political Science Review 87.3 (1993): 567–76.Google Scholar
Opper, Marc. “Revolution Defeated: The Collapse of the Chinese Soviet Republic.” Twentieth-Century China 43.1 (2018): 4566.Google Scholar
Pagano, Gaetano. “Visit to MPLA and Their Liberated Areas.” 1974. César Oliveira Collection. Arquivo de História Social. www.ahsocial.ics.ulisboa.pt/atom/visited-to-mpla-and-their-liberated-areas-may-september-1974. Accessed January 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Paris, Roland. “International Peacebuilding and the ‘Mission Civilisatrice’.” Review of International Studies 28.4 (2002): 637–56.Google Scholar
Parmelee, Jennifer. “Eritreans Vote in Plebiscite to Separate From Ethiopia.” Washington Post. First published April 28, 1993. Section A13. www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/04/28/eritreans-vote-in-plebiscite-to-separate-from-ethiopia/885916ec-716f-49d5-9e74-25c3078a7e3d/. Accessed March 13, 2015.Google Scholar
Parrott, Raymond Joseph. Struggle for Solidarity: The New Left, Portuguese African Decolonization, and the End of the Cold War Consensus. PhD thesis, University of Texas, Austin, 2016.Google Scholar
Pateman, Roy. “Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité: Aspects of the Eritrean Revolution.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 28.3 (1990): 457–72.Google Scholar
Pateman, Roy. Eritrea: Even the Stones Are Burning. The Red Sea Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Pawlak, Justyna and Croft, Adrian. “EU Adds Hezbollah’s Military Wing to Terrorism List.” Reuters, 2013. Published July 22, 2013. www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-hezbollah/eu-adds-hezbollahs-military-wing-to-terrorism-list-idUSBRE96K0DA20130722. Accessed June 8, 2015.Google Scholar
Pepper, Suzanne. Civil War in China: The Political Struggle 1945–1949. Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.Google Scholar
Perlez, Jane. “Impoverished East Timor Exults over Independence.” New York Times. Published May 20, 2002. www.nytimes.com/2002/05/20/world/impoverished-east-timor-exults-over-independence.html. Accessed February 6, 2016.Google Scholar
Petersen, Roger D. Resistance and Rebellion: Lessons from Eastern Europe. Cambridge University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Petersen, Roger D. Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear, Hatred, and Resentment in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe. Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Pinaud, Clémence. “We Are Trained to Be Married! Elite Formation and Ideology in the ‘Girls’ Battalion’ of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 9.3 (2015): 375–93.Google Scholar
Poniatowska, Elena. Las Soldaderas: Women of the Mexican Revolution. Cinco Puntos Press, 2014. .Google Scholar
Pool, David. From Guerrillas to Government: the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front. James Currey, 2001.Google Scholar
Qassem, Naim. Hizbullah: The Story from Within. Saqi, 2010.Google Scholar
Qassim, Abdul Satar. “We Will Not Copy the Experience of Hezbollah.” Rai al-Youm. Translated by Mollie Todd. Published October, 19 2017. https://bit.ly/2EdOXBt. Accessed October 18, 2018.Google Scholar
Rable, George C. The Confederate Republic: A Revolution against Politics. University of North Carolina Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Racz, Elizabeth. “The Women’s Rights Movement in the French Revolution.” Science & Society 16.2 (1952): 151–74.Google Scholar
Raine, Sarah. “Chapter One: Contextualising Today's Sino-African Relations.The Adelphi Papers 49.404–5 (2009): 1358.Google Scholar
Ramos-Horta, Jose. “Statement by Mr. Jose Ramos-Horta, Special Representative of the National Council of Maubere Resistance (CNRM) at a Press Conference at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.” Archived document contained in the Endangered Archives Program, 1993. Endangered Archives Program, British Library. EAP250/1/3/3/279. May 21, 1993. Accessed at the British Library on May 9, 2016.Google Scholar
Ranstorp, Magnus. Hezbollah in Lebanon: The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis. Springer, 1997.Google Scholar
Reeves, J. “Letter from Ministry of Defense.” FCO 31/5385, 1988. Pages 78–7. Archived letter written October 25, 1988. Accessed September 12, 2018 at the National Archives in Kew, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Reno, William. Warfare in Independent Africa, vol. 5. Cambridge University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Report of Interview. “October 3, 1976 Interview with Portuguese Former Secretary of East Timor Affairs.” Archived newspaper article, 1976. From the Resistance Museum and Archives, Dili, East Timor. “Noticias do Antara relatando, nomeadamante o reconhecimento da intergracao da Timor-Leste na Indonesia por parte alguns paises.” Accessed February 9, 2016.Google Scholar
Resistance Museum and Archives. “Permanent Exhibit of Resistance Museum.” 2016. Viewed at Permanent Exhibit of the Resistance Museum and Archives, Dili, East Timor on February 9, 2016.Google Scholar
Reuter, Christoph. “Secret Files Reveal the Structure of Islamic State.” Published April 18, 2015. www.spiegel.de/international/world/islamic-state-files-show-structure-of-islamist-terror-group-a-1029274.html. Accessed January 17, 2020.Google Scholar
Revkin, Mara. “Relative Legitimacy and Displacement Decisions During Rebel Governance.” 2019. Available at the Social Science Research Network at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3365503. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Revkin, Mara. “What Explains Taxation by Resource-Rich Rebels? Evidence from the Islamic State in Syria.Journal of Politics 82.2 (2020): 757–64.Google Scholar
Robinson, Eric, Egel, Daniel, Johnston, Patrick B., Mann, Sean, Rothenberg, Alexander D., and Stebbins, David. When the Islamic State Comes to Town. RAND Corporation, 2017.Google Scholar
Roeder, Philip G. Where Nation-States Come From: Institutional Change in the Age of Nationalism. Princeton University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Rolandsen, Øystein. Guerrilla Government: Political Changes in the Southern Sudan during the 1990s. Nordic Africa Institute, 2005.Google Scholar
Rosen, George. “Hospitals, Medical Care and Social Policy in the French Revolution.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 30.2 (1956): 124–49.Google Scholar
Rothkopf, David. “Why It’s Too Early to Tell How History Will Judge the Iran and Greece Deals.” Foreign Policy. Published July 14, 2015. https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/07/14/why-its-too-early-to-tell-how-history-will-judge-the-iran-and-greece-deals/. Accessed February 18, 2020.Google Scholar
Ryan, Michael. Decoding Al-Qaeda’s Strategy: The Deep Battle against America. Columbia University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Saad-Ghorayeb, Amal. Hizbu’llah: Politics and Religion. Pluto Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Sabo, Lois E. and Kibirige, Joachim S.Political Violence and Eritrean Health Care.” Social Science & Medicine 28.7 (1989): 677–84.Google Scholar
Saideman, Stephen M.Explaining the International Relations of Secessionist Conflicts: Vulnerability versus Ethnic Ties.” International Organization 51.4 (1997): 721–53.Google Scholar
Salehyan, Idean, Siroky, David, and Wood, Reed M.External Rebel Sponsorship and Civilian Abuse: A Principal–Agent Analysis of Wartime Atrocities.” International Organization 68.3 (2014): 633–61.Google Scholar
Salloukh, Bassel and Mikaelian, Shoghig. “Hizbullah in Lebanon.” In The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics, eds. Esposito, John L. and Shahin, Emad El-Din. Oxford University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Sanderson, Susan R. Walsh. Land Reform in Mexico: 1910–1980. Elsevier, 2013.Google Scholar
Sawyer, J. D. “Eritrea.” FCO 31/5384, 1988. Document 15. Archived assessment issued April 25, 1988. Accessed September 12, 2018 at the National Archives in Kew, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Schwerna, Tobias. Lebanon: A Model of Consociational Conflict, vol. 593. Peter Lang, 2010.Google Scholar
Scott, James C. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. Yale University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Scott, Margaret. “The Truth about the Killing Fields.” New York Review of Books. Published June 28, 2018. www.nybooks.com/articles/2018/06/28/truth-about-indonesia-killing-fields/. Accessed September 6, 2018.Google Scholar
Selassie, Bereket H. Conflict and Intervention in the Horn of Africa. Monthly Review Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Selden, Mark. China in Revolution: the Yenan Way Revisited. M.E. Sharpe, 1995.Google Scholar
Selden, Mark. China in Revolution: Yenan Way Revisited. Routledge, 2016.Google Scholar
Sellström, Tor. Sweden and National Liberation in Southern Africa: Solidarity and Assistance, 1970–1994, vol. 1. Nordic Africa Institute, 2002a.Google Scholar
Sellström, Tor. Sweden and National Liberation in Southern Africa: Solidarity and Assistance, 1970–1994, vol. 2. Nordic Africa Institute, 2002b.Google Scholar
Seybolt, Peter J.The Yenan Revolution in Mass Education.” The China Quarterly 48 (1971): 641–69.Google Scholar
Shackleton, Greg. “Report on FRETILIN Activities.” Multi-media Exhibit, Resistance Museum and Archives, Dili, East Timor, 1975. Viewed at Permanent Exhibit of the Resistance Museum and Archives, Dili, East Timor on February 9, 2016.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Jacob N. The Terrorist’s Dilemma: Managing Violent Covert Organizations. Princeton University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Sharp, Jeremy M., et al. “Lebanon: The Israel-Hamas-Hezbollah Conflict.” Congressional Research Report produced by the Congressional Research Service, 2006. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33566.pdf. Accessed August 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Sherman, Richard. Eritrea: The Unfinished Revolution. Praeger, 1980.Google Scholar
Silkin, Trish. “Eritrea.Third World Quarterly 5.4 (1983): 909–14.Google Scholar
Simmons, Beth A. Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics. Cambridge University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Skocpol, Theda. States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China. Cambridge University Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Skocpol, Theda. “Social Revolutions and Mass Military Mobilization.” World Politics 40.2 (1988): 147–68.Google Scholar
Smith, Martin. Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity. Zed Books, 1999.Google Scholar
Smith, Tony. “The Political and Economic Ambitions of Algerian Land Reform, 1962–1974.” Middle East Journal 29.3 (1975): 259–78.Google Scholar
Snow, Edgar. Red Star over China: The Classic Account of the Birth of Chinese Communism. Atlantic Books, 1968.Google Scholar
Soares Sousa, Julião.Amílcar Cabral, the PAIGC and the Relations with China at the Time of the Sino-Soviet Split and of Anti-Colonialism. Discourses and Praxis”. The International History Review (2020): https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2019.169513.Google Scholar
Sommers, Marc. “Islands of Education: Schooling, Civil War and the Southern Sudanese (1983–2004).” International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) UNESCO (2005). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED495403.pdf. Accessed February 8, 2020.Google Scholar
South, Ashley. Burma’s Longest War: Anatomy of the Karen Conflict. Transnational Institute, 2011.Google Scholar
South African History Archive. “Life in the Refugee Camps.” Last updated 2016. www.saha.org.za/zapu/life_in_the_refugee_camps.htm. Accessed July 11, 2016.Google Scholar
Spencer, D. L. and Katkoff, V.China’s Land Transformation and the USSR Model.” Land Economics 33.3 (1957): 241–56.Google Scholar
Spruyt, Hendrik. The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change. Princeton University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Staniland, Paul. Networks of Rebellion: Explaining Insurgent Cohesion and Collapse. Cornell University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Starey, Darwin. “DFA Inward Cablegram of Darwin Starey’s Assessment of East Timor Situation O.CE 747 1128.” Archived Government Document, October 22, 1975. National Archives of Australia. Series A1838. Control symbol 3038/2/2 Part 2. Accessed in the National Archives of Australia Canberra Reading Room on February 16, 2016.Google Scholar
Stearns, Jason. Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa. Public Affairs, 2012.Google Scholar
Stewart, Megan A. “Author Interview 1.” Interview, 2015a. Beirut, Lebanon. May 2015.Google Scholar
Stewart, Megan A. “Author Interview 4.” Interview, 2015b. Beirut, Lebanon. May 2015.Google Scholar
Stewart, Megan A. “Civil War As State Building: The Determinants of Insurgent Public Goods Provision.” PhD thesis, Georgetown University, 2016.Google Scholar
Stewart, Megan A.Civil War as State-Making: Strategic Governance in Civil War.” International Organization 72.1 (2018): 205–26.Google Scholar
Stewart, Megan A. “Rebel Governance: Military Boon or Military Bust? (Isard Award Article).” Conflict Management and Peace Science (2020): https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894219881422.Google Scholar
Stewart, Megan A. and Kitchens, Karin. “Social Transformation and Violence: Evidence from US Reconstruction.” 2018. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3223825.Google Scholar
Stewart, Megan A. and Liou, Yu-Ming. “Do Good Borders Make Good Rebels? Territorial Control and Civilian Casualties.” The Journal of Politics 79.1 (2017): 284301.Google Scholar
Sudan People’s Liberation Movement. Peace through Development: Perspectives and Prospects in the Sudan. SPLM, 2000.Google Scholar
Syria Untold. “How Did Raqqa Fall to the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria?” Syria Untold, 2018. Published January 13, 2014. http://syriauntold.com/2014/01/how-did-raqqa-fall-to-the-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-syria/. Accessed May 23, 2018.Google Scholar
Syrian Democratic Forces. “Establishment of The People’s Court in the Civil Council of Raqqa.” SDF Press Release, 2017a. Published October 27, 2017. https://sdf-presscom/en/2017/10/establishment-of-the-peoples-court-in-the-civil-council-of-raqqa/. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Syrian Democratic Forces. “The Countryside of Raqqa Forming Its Councils.” SDF Press Release, 2017b. Published August 13, 2017. https://sdf-press.com/en/2017/08/the-countryside-of-raqqa-forming-its-councils/. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Syrian Democratic Forces. “Drinking Water Reaches All Neighborhoods of Raqqa.” SDF Press Release, 2018a. Published January 26, 2018. https://sdf-press.com/en/2018/08/water-reaches-all-neighborhoods-of-raqqa/. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Syrian Democratic Forces. “Opening of 37 Bakeries in Raqqa City and Its Countryside, Including Two Tourist Bakeries.” SDF Press Release, 2018b. Published January 4, 2018. https://sdf-press.com/en/2018/01/opening-of-37-bakeries-in-raqqa-city-and-its-countryside-including-two-tourist-bakeries/. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Syrian Democratic Forces. “Opening of the Women’s Council in Raqqa City.” SDF Press Release, 2018c. Published August 11, 2018. https://sdf-press.com/en/2018/08/opening-of-the-womens-council-in-raqqa-city/. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Syrian Democratic Forces. “Raqqa National Hospital Opens Its Doors Again.” SDF Press Release, 2019a. Published May 13, 2019. https://sdf-press.com/en/2019/05/raqqa-national-hospital-opens-its-doors-again/. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Syrian Democratic Forces. “Rehabilitating Electricity Station ‘Raqqa 3’.” SDF Press Release, 2019b. Published January 30, 2019. https://sdf-press.com/en/2019/01/rehabilitating-electricity-station-raqqa-3/. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Syrian Democratic Forces. “The Health Committee Make Checking Tours to Pharmacies and Health Centers in Raqqa Eastern Countryside.” SDF Press Release, 2019c. Published June 29, 2019. https://sdf-press.com/en/2019/06/the-health-committee-make-checking-tours-to-pharmacies-and-health-centers-in-raqqa-eastern-coun. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Syrian Democratic Forces. “Public Property Office in Raqqa Leases Agricultural Land for Residents.” SDF Press Release, 2020a. Published January 29, 2020. https://sdf-press.com/en/2020/01/public-property-office-in-raqqa-leases-agricultural-land-for-residents/. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Syrian Democratic Forces. “The Opening of a Primary School and Honoring the Outstanding Students.” SDF Press Release, 2020b. Published February 16, 2020. https://sdf-press.com/en/2020/02/the-opening-of-a-primary-school-and-honoring-the-outstanding-students/. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Tadesse, Kiflu. The Generation: Ethiopia, Transformation and Conflict: The History of the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Party. Part II. University Press of America, 1998.Google Scholar
Tajfel, Henri and Turner, John C.An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict.” The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations 33.47 (1979): 74.Google Scholar
Tarrow, Sidney. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Tarrow, Sidney. The New Transnational Activism. Cambridge University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Taylor, John G. “Emergence of a Nationalist Movement.” East Timor at the Crossroads: The Forging of a Nation, eds. Carey, Peter B. R. and Bentley, G. Carter, 2141. University of Hawaii Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Taylor, John G. East Timor: The Price of Freedom. Zed Books, 2000.Google Scholar
Taylor, Kim. Chinese Medicine in Early Communist China, 1945–63: A Medicine of Revolution. Psychology Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Tedla, Michael Weldeghiorghis. “The Eritrean Liberation Front: Social and Political Factors Shaping Its Emergence, Development and Demise, 1960–1981.” MPhil thesis, Leiden University, 2014.Google Scholar
Telepneva, Natalia. “‘Code Name SEKRETÁŘ’: Amílcar Cabral, Czechoslovakia and the Role of Human Intelligence during the Cold War.The International History Review (2019), https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2019.1678508.Google Scholar
Terpstra, Niels and Frerks, Georg. “Rebel Governance and Legitimacy: Understanding the Impact of Rebel Legitimation on Civilian Compliance with the LTTE Rule.” Civil Wars 19.3 (2017): 129.Google Scholar
Thaler, Kai. From Insurgent to Incumbent: State Building and Service Provision after Rebel Victory in Civil Wars. PhD thesis, Harvard University, 2018.Google Scholar
Thomas, Edward. South Sudan: A Slow Liberation. Zed Books, 2015.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. From Mobilization to Revolution. McGraw-Hill, 1978.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990–1992. Blackwell, 1992.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. Durable Inequality. University of California Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Toohey, Brian and Atta, Dale Van. “The Timor Papers (The National Times) [June 6–12, 1982].” Archived document contained in the Endangered Archives Program, 1984. Endangered Archives Program, British Library. EAP250/1/3/3/247. June 6–12, 1984. Accessed at the British Library on May 10–11, 2016.Google Scholar
Trinquier, Roger. Modern Warfare: A French View of Counterinsurgency. Praeger Security International, 2006/1964.Google Scholar
Truth and Reconciliation of Timor-Leste (CAVR). “Part 1: Introduction.” 2006a. www.etan.org/etanpdf/2006/CAVR/01-Introduction_CAVR.pdf. Accessed January 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Truth and Reconciliation of Timor-Leste (CAVR). “Part 3: The History of the Conflict.” 2006b. www.etan.org/etanpdf/2006/CAVR/03-History-of-the-Conflict.pdf. Accessed January 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Truth and Reconciliation of Timor-Leste (CAVR). “Part 5: Resistance: Structure and Strategy.” 2006c. www.etan.org/etanpdf/2006/CAVR/05-Resistance-Structure-and-Strategy.pdf. Accessed January 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Tseggai, Araya. “The History of the Eritrean Struggle.” In The Long Struggle of Eritrea for Independence and Constructive Peace, eds. Cliffe, Lionel and Davidson, Basil, 6786. The Red Sea Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Turner, John C.Towards a Cognitive Redefinition of the Social Group.” In Social Identity and Intergroup Relations, ed. Tajfel, Henri, 1540. Cambridge University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Turner, John C. Social Influence. Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., 1991.Google Scholar
Turner, John C., Hogg, Michael A., Oakes, Penelope J., Reicher, Stephen D., and Wetherell, Margaret S. Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory. Basil Blackwell, 1987.Google Scholar
UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. “Memorandum: The Situation in Eritrea.” F0 1043/72, 1969. Document 121. Archived Memorandum issued June 25, 1969. Accessed September 13, 2018 at the National Archives in Kew, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Unal, Mustafa Cosar. “Strategist or Pragmatist: A Challenging Look at Ocalan’s Retrospective Classification and Definition of PKK’s Strategic Periods between 1973 and 2012.” Terrorism and Political Violence 26.3 (2014): 419–48.Google Scholar
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. “Baalbek.” World Heritage List, 2020. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/294. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
United States Government. “Memorandum of Conversation between President Ford and President Suharto.” National Security Archive, July 5, 1975. http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB62/doc1.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2016.Google Scholar
US Army. The US Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual. United States. Department of the Army, 2006. Report “FM 3–24/MCWP 3–33.5.” Accessed via Homeland Security Digital Library at www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=468442 on February 17, 2020.Google Scholar
US Congress. “Report on Portuguese Guinea and the Liberation Movement.” Congressional Testimony, 1971. Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Ninety-First Congress, Second Session. H381-8. February 26, 1971. Accessed via ProQuest Congressional on June 14, 2019.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Intelligence Requirements on Eritrean Dissident Groups.” Research Group 59, 1965a. Airgram, file POL 30-2 ETH, 1964–6 Subject-Numeric File, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, US National Archives, Adelphi, Maryland. January 22, 1965. Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Visit to Embassy by Eritrean Liberation Front Officials.” Research Group 59, 1965b. Airgram, file POL 30-2 ETH, 1964–6 Subject-Numeric File, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, US National Archives, Adelphi, Maryland. January 22, 1965. Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Confidential Telegram.” Research Group 59, 1966. Telegram, file POL 23-9 ETH, 1970–3 Subject-Numeric File, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, US National Archives, Adelphi, Maryland. October 14, 1966. Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Insurgency Week, December 1–15, 1967.” Research Group 59, 1967. Airgram Asmara A-84, file POL 23-9 ETH, 1967–9 Subject-Numeric File, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, US National Archives, Adelphi, Maryland. December 15, 1967. Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Eritrean Liberation Front Secretary Discuss ELF’s Position.” Research Group 59, 1968a. Airgram, file POL 30 ETH, 1967–9 Subject-Numeric File, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, US National Archives, Adelphi, Maryland. July 17, 1968. Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “IEG Pledges Security Protection, American Investors in Eritrea.” Research Group 59, 1968b. Airgram, file POL 23-9 ETH, 1967–9 Subject-Numeric File, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, US National Archives, Adelphi, Maryland. March 15, 1968. Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “A Moslem View of the ELF Problem.” Research Group 59, 1969a. Airgram, file POL 23-9 ETH, 1967–9 Subject-Numeric File, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, US National Archives, Adelphi, Maryland. June 30, 1969. Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Insurgency in Eritrea, October 25–December 23, 1969.” Research Group 59, 1969b. Airgram, file POL 23-9 ETH, 1967–9 Subject-Numeric File, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, US National Archives, Adelphi, Maryland. December 23, 1969. Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “More Eritrean Propaganda in Libya.” Research Group 59, 1969c. Airgram, file POL 30-2 ETH, 1967–9 Subject-Numeric File, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, US National Archives, Adelphi, Maryland. April 14, 1969 Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Insurgency in Eritrea, March 10, 1970–April 21, 1970.” Research Group 59, 1970a. Airgram, file POL 23-2 ETH, 1970–3 Subject-Numeric File, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, US National Archives, Adelphi, Maryland. April 21, 1970. Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Status and Significance of ELF Activity.” Research Group 59, 1970b. Telegram, file POL 23-8 ETH, 1970–3 Subject-Numeric File, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, US National Archives, Adelphi, Maryland. October 30, 1970. Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Press Article of Eritrean Security Situation.” Research Group 59, 1972. Airgram Asmara A-12, file POL 23-2 ETH, 1970–3 Subject-Numeric File, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, US National Archives, Adelphi, Maryland. May 8, 1972. Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Alleged Views of ELF Leader.” Research Group 59, 1973. Airgram, file POL 23 ETH, 1970–3 Subject-Numeric File, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, US National Archives, Adelphi, Maryland. July 26, 1973. Accessed July 18, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Missionaries and the ELF.” Research Group 59, 1974. US National Archives document 1978KHARTO03737. July 19, 1974. https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=143160&dt=2474&dl=1345. Accessed July 3, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Eritrean Unity Agreement: ELF and EPLF.” Research Group 59, 1977a. US National Archives document 1977KHARTO03671. October 21, 1977 https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=245854&dt=2532&dl=1629. Accessed July 3, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Kuwaiti Relations with Eritrean Liberation Front.” Research Group 59, 1977b. US National Archives document 1977KUWAIT00098. January 5, 1977. https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=2679&dt=2532&dl=1629. Accessed July 3, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Comments by ELF/PLF Leader.” Research Group 59, 1978a. US National Archives document 1978KHARTO03737. March 10, 1978. https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=56487&dt=2694&dl=2009. Accessed July 3, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “GoE Sending Medical Mission to Eritrea to Assist ELF.” Research Group 59, 1978b. US National Archives document 1978CAIRO20783. September 14, 1978. https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=227297&dt=2694&dl=2009. Accessed July 3, 2018.Google Scholar
US State Department. “Osman Saleh Sabbe, ELF-PLF; EPLF Claims.” Research Group 59, 1978c. US National Archives document 1978KHARTO03737. August 14, 1978. https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=199014&dt=2694&dl=2009. Accessed July 3, 2018.Google Scholar
Van Ness, , Peter, . Revolution and Chinese Foreign Policy: Peking’s Support for Wars of National Liberation. University of California Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Van Wilgenburg, Wladimir. “Who Will Rule Raqqa After the Islamic State?” 2017. Published December 13, 2017. https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/09/13/who-will-rule-raqqa-after-the-islamic-state/. Accessed January 17, 2020.Google Scholar
Variyar, Mugdha. “Houthis Trying to Mimick Hezbollah Speeches to Win Arab Sympathy.” International Business Times, April 22, 2015. www.ibtimes.co.in/houthis-trying-mimick-hezbollah-speeches-win-arab-sympathy-630013. Accessed June 12, 2015.Google Scholar
Voors, Maarten J., Nillesen, Eleonora E. M., Verwimp, Philip, Bulte, Erwin H., Lensink, Robert, and Van Soest, Daan P.Violent Conflict and Behavior: A Field Experiment in Burundi.” The American Economic Review 102.2 (2012): 941–64.Google Scholar
Waldner, David. “What Makes Process Tracing Good? Causal Mechanisms, Causal Inference, and the Completeness Standard in Comparative Politics.” In Process Tracing: From Metaphor to Analytic Tool, ed. Checkel, Jeffrey and Bennet, Andrew, 126–52 Cambridge University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Walt, Stephen M.Revolution and War.” World Politics 44.3 (1992): 321–68.Google Scholar
Walt, Stephen M. Revolution and War. Cornell University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Waugh, Colin M. Paul Kagame and Rwanda: Power, Genocide and the Rwandan Patriotic Front. McFarland, 2004.Google Scholar
Way, Wendy. Australia and the Indonesian Incorporation of Portuguese Timor, 1974–1976. Melbourne University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Weinstein, Jeremy M. Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. Cambridge University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Weldemichael, Awet Tewelde. Third World Colonialism and Strategies of Liberation: Eritrea and East Timor Compared. Cambridge University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Westad, Odd Arne. Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946–1950. Stanford University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
White, Jonathan R. Terrorism and Homeland Security. Cengage Learning, 2016.Google Scholar
Whiten, Andrew, Horner, Victoria, Litchfield, Carla A., and Marshall-Pescini, Sarah. “How Do Apes Ape?Animal Learning & Behavior 32.1 (2004): 3652.Google Scholar
Whiteside, Craig. “The Islamic State and the Return of Revolutionary Warfare.” Small Wars & Insurgencies 27.5 (2016): 743–76.Google Scholar
Whitt, Sam. “Social Norms in the Aftermath of Ethnic Violence: Ethnicity and Fairness in Non-costly Decision Making.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 58.1 (2014): 93119.Google Scholar
Wickham-Crowley, Timothy P. “The Rise (and Sometimes Fall) of Guerrilla Governments in Latin America.” 2.3 (1987): 473–99.Google Scholar
Wickham-Crowley, Timothy P. Guerrillas and Revolution in Latin America: A Comparative Study of Insurgents and Regimes Since 1956. Princeton University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Wiegand, Krista Eileen. Bombs and Ballots: Governance by Islamist Terrorist and Guerrilla Groups. Ashgate Publishing, 2010.Google Scholar
Williams, L. Pearce. “Science, Education and the French Revolution.” Isis 44.4 (1953): 311–30.Google Scholar
Wilson, Amrit. The Challenge Road: Women and the Eritrean Revolution. The Red Sea Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Wilson Center. “Memorandum of Conversation between Mao Zedong and Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara.” 1960. Translation of Memorandum from November 19, 1960. PRC FMA 202-00098-01, 1–14. Translated by Zhang Qian. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/115155. Accessed August 21, 2020Google Scholar
Wimmer, Andreas. Waves of War: Nationalism, State Formation, and Ethnic Exclusion in the Modern World. Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Winter, Charlie. “Documenting the Virtual ‘Caliphate’.” Quilliam Foundation 33: 150. www.quilliaminternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/FINAL-documenting-the-virtual-caliphate.pdf. Accessed February 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Woldemariam, Michael. Insurgent Fragmentation in the Horn of Africa: Rebellion and Its Discontents. Cambridge University Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Womack, John. Zapata and the Mexican Revolution. Vintage, 2011.Google Scholar
Wood, Elisabeth Jean. Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador. Cambridge University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
World Bank. World Development Indicators 2012. World Bank Publications, 2012.Google Scholar
World Bank. “Health Expenditure Per Capita (Current US).” Last updated 2016. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.PCAP. Accessed July 11, 2016.Google Scholar
World Policy Center. “Does the Constitution Guarantee Citizens the Right to Education or a Specific Constitutional Right to Primary Education?” Last updated 2016. www.worldpolicycenter.org/policies/does-the-constitution-guarantee-citizens-the-right-to-education-or-a-specific-constitutional-right-to-primary-education. Accessed July 11, 2016.Google Scholar
Wright, Robin. “Katanga Rebels Tighten Grip in Zaire.” Washington Post, April 7, 1977. Accessed via Proquest, June 27, 2014.Google Scholar
Wu, James T. K. “The Impact of the Taiping Rebellion upon the Manchu Fiscal System.” The Pacific Historical Review 19.3 (1950): 265–75.Google Scholar
Wucherpfennig, Julian, Hunziker, Philipp, and Cederman, Lars-Erik. “Who Inherits the State? Colonial Rule and Postcolonial Conflict.” American Journal of Political Science 60.4 (2016): 882–98.Google Scholar
Yacoubian, Mona. “Governance Challenges in Raqqa after the Islamic State.” United States Institute of Peace, 2017. www.usip.org/publications/2017/10/governance-challenges-raqqa-after-islamic-state. Accessed July 16, 2018.Google Scholar
Yakhontoff, Viktor A. The Chinese Soviets. Coward-McCann, Inc., 1934.Google Scholar
Young, John. The Fate of Sudan: The Origins and Consequences of a Flawed Peace Process. Zed Books, 2012.Google Scholar
Young, Joseph K.Repression, Dissent, and the Onset of Civil War.” Political Research Quarterly 66.3 (2013): 516–32.Google Scholar
Zaks, Sherry. “Relationships Among Rivals (RAR): A Framework for Analyzing Contending Hypotheses in Process Tracing.” Political Analysis 25.3 (2017): 344–62.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Megan A. Stewart, American University, Washington DC
  • Book: Governing for Revolution
  • Online publication: 05 March 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108919555.012
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Megan A. Stewart, American University, Washington DC
  • Book: Governing for Revolution
  • Online publication: 05 March 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108919555.012
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Megan A. Stewart, American University, Washington DC
  • Book: Governing for Revolution
  • Online publication: 05 March 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108919555.012
Available formats
×