The objective of this chapter is to evaluate whether rebel groups imitate the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) if they articulate more transformative goals but do not share the CCP’s communist ideology. To do so, the chapter examines the governance of the Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (FRETILIN). FRETILIN leaders articulated more transformative, revolutionary goals but were not communist. Consistent with expectations, FRETILIN leaders explicitly decided to imitate the CCP’s governance approach almost exactly and even continued to implement the CCP’s strategy despite encountering military challenges to it. The chapter includes archival data from East Timor, Australia and the United Kingdom.