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5 - “Auerbachs Keller” and Epic History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2013

Arnd Bohm
Affiliation:
Carleton University, Ottawa
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Summary

THREE MILLENNIA MAKE A LONG PERIOD and perhaps it is too much to demand or expect that Faust or the audience be able to grasp the totality and discern patterns in such a vast history. Yet, in a short poem in the “Westöstlicher Divan,” Goethe expected us to operate with such a span of time:

Wer nicht von dreitausend Jahren

Sich weiß Rechenschaft zu geben,

Bleib im Dunkeln unerfahren,

Mag von Tag zu Tage leben.

He indicated that the same vast expanse of time governs Faust:

Ich habe von Zeit zu Zeit daran fortgearbeitet, aber abgeschlossen konnte das Stück nicht werden als in der Fülle der Zeiten, da es denn jetzt seine volle 3000 Jahre spielt, von Trojas Untergang bis zur Einnahme von Missolonghi. Dies kann man also auch für eine Zeiteinheit rechnen, im höheren Sinne; die Einheit des Orts und der Handlung sind aber auch im gewöhnlichen Sinn aufs genauste beobachtet.

Confronted by the overwhelming presence of the totality of human history, Faust cannot cope and lives “from day to day.” In “Auerbachs Keller” the actions of the four companions towards each other and towards Mephistopheles enact on the stage the causes and the consequences of the fall of empire: this is the theatrum mundi of world history.

The Crisis of the Empire

The most obvious historical allusions in “Auerbachs Keller” are to the political affairs of the sixteenth century but they can also apply to the eighteenth.

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Goethe's 'Faust' and European Epic
Forgetting the Future
, pp. 111 - 137
Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2007

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